1,720,956 research outputs found
Emerging arthropod-borne viral diseases: Equine encephalosis
No full textEquine encephalosis (EE) is a viral vector borne disease carried by hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides sustained by an Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The first isolation of the virus (EEV) occurred in South Africa in 1967 from the blood of a mare affected by neurological symptoms. EEV can infect all equines and, rarely, elephants; in any case, horses are the most susceptible species. Several epizootics were subsequently reported in South Africa and Botswana followed by periods of absence of disease or sporadic outbreaks. The highest number of cases was reported in 1983. Seven non-cross reactive serotypes have been identified so far. EEV infection is frequently sub-clinical, but has been also associated with acute or hyperacute illness. The most common observed clinical signs are fever, anorexia accompanied by increased respiratory distress and congestion of mucosal membranes. Some pregnant mares may abort during the first period of gestation. Less frequently, affected horses can show facial swelling, epistaxis, congiuntival petechiae, and signs of chronic heart failure. Neurological signs, including ataxia, convulsions, hyperexcitability have been described in severe cases. At post-mortem examination it can be observed pulmonary edema, hydropericardium, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, petechial haemorrhages on serous membranes, hyperemia of glandular stomach, brain edema and congestion. Microscopic examination of liver specimens shows hydropic and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes and in CNS perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes in the periventricular areas of the midbrain and thalamus can be observed. Clinical diagnosis is not easy, due to frequent subclinical course. For this reason, the disease is probably underdiagnosed. Between 2008 and 2009 EE was reported for the first time in Israel. The question of how and when the virus arrived in Israel still remains unanswered. This was the first time in which the virus had been reported outside Africa and this finding is a warning bell for other areas of the Mediterranean basin
Malattie infettive virali emergenti trasmesse da vettori: encefalosi equina.
No full textEquine encephalosis (EE) is a viral vector borne disease carried by hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides sustained by an Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The first isolation of the virus (EEV) occurred in South Africa in 1967 from the blood of a mare affected by neurological symptoms. EEV can infect all equines and, rarely, elephants; in any case, horses are the most susceptible species. Several epizootics were subsequently reported in South Africa and Botswana followed by periods of absence of disease or sporadic outbreaks. The highest number of cases was reported in 1983. Seven non-cross reactive serotypes have been identified so far. EEV infection is frequently subclinical, but has been also associated with acute or iperacute illness. The most common observed clinical signs are fever, anorexia accompanied by increased respiratory distress and congestion of mucosal membranes. Some pregnant mares may abort during the first part of gestation. Less frequently, affected horses can show facial swelling, epistaxis, congiuntival petechiae, and signs of chronic heart failure. Neurological signs, including ataxia, convulsions,hyperexcitability have been described in severe cases. During post mortem examination it can be observed pulmonary edema, hydropericardium, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, petechial haemorrhages on serous menbranes, hyperemia of glandular stomach, brain edema and congestion. Microscopic examination of liver specimens shows hydropic and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes and in CNS can be observed perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes in the periventricular areas of the midbrain and thalamus. Clinical diagnosis is not easy, due to frequent subclinical course. For this reason, the disease is probably underdiagnosed. Between 2008 and 2009 EE was reported for the first time in Israel. The question of how and when the virus arrived in Israel still remains unanswered. This was the first time in which the virus had been reported outside Africa and this record is a warning bell for other areas of the Mediterranean basin
Valutazione dei dati semeiologici e di alcuni parametri ematologici e biochimici nel puledro di asino sorcino crociato dell’amiata alla nascita
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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