1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Microstructuring of the carbonaceous anode to optimize the production of fluorine by KF-2HF electrolysis
No full textLe fluor gazeux est produit industriellement par électrolyse d’un sel fondu de KF-2HF à 95°C sur une anode en carbone non graphitisé. Au contact du gaz produit, la surface se fluore et se couvre de fluorocarbones qui vont accroitre l’affinité du fluor pour la surface ; les bulles s’étalent alors et les performances diminuent car la surface active diminue. Ce problème s’ajoute au caractère isolant électronique des fluorocarbones solides formés qui contribuent aussi à la surtension anodique. Dans le but de remédier à ces problèmes, la stratégie consiste à modifier le comportement du fluor moléculaire à la surface de l’anode en contrôlant la rugosité, en l’occurrence une structuration de la surface de l’anode par ablation laser à impulsions ultrabrèves femtoseconde ; ce procédé permet de conserver la composition chimique du carbone après son passage. Deux types de microstructures de surface ont été envisagés : un quadrillage ou des creux. Les échantillons ont été étudiés d’un point de vue électrochimique en considérant le potentiel anodique mais aussi par acquisition ultrarapide d’images pour visualiser l’effet de la structuration sur la dynamique des bulles de fluor. Ensuite, pour valider le gain de performances suggéré par la dynamique de germination/croissance/décrochement, les débits de gaz produit ont été mesurés à l’aide d’un débitmètre implémenté sur l’électrolyseur. La microstructuration de surface permet de contrôler la dynamique et la forme des bulles de fluor, de même que les zones actives. Les bulles, rendues sphériques par la rugosité contrôlée, possèdent un temps de résidence faible (environ 1 s) et des dimensions réduites (quelques mm). Ces modifications suggèrent une mouillabilité plus faible de la surface de l’anode carbonée par le fluor gazeux avec un effet positif sur les performances de l’électrode en termes de rendement énergétique contrairement à la surtension anodique qui évolue peu. En outre, grâce à la dynamique particulière des bulles de fluor, des densités de courant très élevées, plus de 75 A/dm², peuvent être accommodées en rupture avec les usages industriels.F2 molecular fluorine is industrially produced by electrolysis of KF-2HF molten salt at 95°C on a non-graphitized carbonaceous anode. At the contact with the gas produced, the surface is fluorinated and becomes covered with solid fluorocarbons which increase the affinity of the fluorine gas for the surface; the bubbles then spread and the performances decrease because the active surface is lowered. This problem goes with the electronic insulator character of the formed solid fluorocarbons, which also contributes to the anodic overvoltage. To address these two problems, the strategy consists in changing the behaviour of the molecular fluorine on the anode surface by controlling the surface roughness. For this purpose, the anode surface microstructuration is obtained by ablation using laser pulsed in the femtosecond range; this latter makes it possible to preserve the chemical composition of the carbon after the ablation. Two types of surface microstructures were considered: grid or hollow patterns. The samples were studied from an electrochemical point of view, considering the anodic potential but also by ultra-fast image acquisition to visualize the effect of the microstructuring on the dynamic of the fluorine bubbles. Then, to validate the performances gain suggested by the germination/growth/release dynamics, the produced gas flow rates were measured using a flow meter implemented on the electrolyser. Surface microstructuration controls both the dynamic and shape of fluorine bubbles, as well as the electroactive area. The bubbles, then spherical due to the controlled roughness, exhibit a low residence time (about 1 s) and reduced sizes (a few mm). These observed changes suggest a lower wettability of the surface of the carbonaceous anode by the fluorine gas with a beneficial effect on the electrode performances in terms of energy yield contrary to the anodic voltage which slightly evolves. In addition, thanks to the particular dynamic of fluorine bubbles, very high current densities, up to 75 A/dm², can be accommodated at odds with industrial uses
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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