1,721,030 research outputs found
Analysis of the peroxisomal nitric oxide content and root architecture in Arabidopsis seedlings grown under cadmium-induced stress
No full textNitric oxide (NO) is a free radical involved in plant development and in response to stress conditions. Peroxisomes are organelles which are known to be a NO source [1]. Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a factor limiting the growth and productivity of important crops and is also a risk for human health throughout the food chain. It is known that, for a proper plant root development, both under physiological and stress conditions, a cross-talk between hormones and specific contents of ROS and NO is needed [1]. Catalase (CAT) is an antioxidant enzyme found in peroxisomes which, by catalyzing the H2O2 into water and oxygen, contributes to regulate ROS content in plant cells. The goal of the study was to highlight how Cd affects NO cellular content, CAT activity, peroxisomes distribution and root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. To this, 14-day-old transgenic plants expressing cyan fluorescent protein (35S:CFP) through the addition of the peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), which enables peroxisomes to be visualized in vivo, were grown in the presence of 60 μM CdCl2. Moreover, using a cell-permeable NO specific fluorescent probe by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we studied how Cd affects NO root content. Data indicate that Cd altered both Arabidopsis root morphology and NO distribution. The pollutant increased the length and density of lateral roots (LRs), whereas reduced the primary root (PR) length. In addition, Cd increased NO levels in the LRs and decreased it in the PR. PTS1 signal was changed by Cd only in the PR, showing a decrease of peroxisomes distribution and intensity. Furthermore, biochemical assays indicated that Cd negatively affects CAT activity. Our findings suggest that Cd affects H2O2 metabolism and NO content by acting on peroxisomes activity, leading to root architecture alteration and confirming the role of these organelles in the mechanisms of response against this pollutant
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
New insights for the assessment of particulate matter ability to induce oxidative stress in living organisms
No full textAn innovative method to assess oxidative stress induced by particulate matter using a plant model organism
No full textWorkplace physical aggressions in italy and emilia romagna region
No full textBackground: Workplace physical aggressions determine severe consequences for people and organizations. Previous studies reported their spread in organizations and described factors related to their occurrence (e.g. aggressor within/ outside the organization, type of activity, etc.). However, such data are not available in the Italian work contexts, limiting the possibility of intervention. Objectives: This study aims to provide a description of workplace physical aggressions in the Italian context and the Emilia-Romagna region, considering the main variables described in the literature. Methods: We used data available from the "Flussi informativi" database, containing national data provided by INAIL (National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work), which concern all injuries, occupational illness and insured companies’ information, from 2000 to 2018. Information about aggressions in the workplace in Italy and Emilia-Romagna are derived from a subset of these data, coded according to ESAW (European Statistics for Accidents at Work) requirements. The number of events per year per 100,000 estimated insured employees by INAIL is considered as an indicator. Results: In the period 2014-2018, 23,084 injures from aggression were registered in Italy (an average of 28.7 events per 100,000 employees) and 2,308 in Emilia Romagna (30.2). Aggressions by people outside the organization accounted for 85.14 % in Italy and 87.87 % in Emilia-Romagna region. “Health and social services”, “Offices and other activities” and “Transportation” were the sectors that showed the highest numbers of events and rates. Furthermore, we reported detailed results about the variation of the events between professions, the site and nature of the lesion and gravity of events. Discussion: The study provides a description of workplace physical aggressions in the Italian context and we discuss the implication of these results for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies of intervention
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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