1,237 research outputs found
Effect of confinement on bond strength of hot-dip galvanized lap splices in high-strength concrete
No full textGalvanizing reinforcing steel is one of the methods used to protect steel bars against corrosion. In 2001, a research program was started at the American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon, to experimentally evaluate the effect of hot-dip galvanizing on the bond capacity of tension lap splices anchored in full-scale beam specimens designed to fail in bond splitting mode. The test results indicated that the use of galvanized bars had a negligible effect on bond strength of reinforcement in normal-strength concrete. Galvanizing, however, caused an average of 20percent decrease in bond strength of reinforcement in high-strength concrete. The primary objective of the research reported in this paper was to find a solution to eliminate the bond reduction of galvanized bars in high-strength concrete. It was important to evaluate the potential positive effect of the addition of transverse reinforcement in the splice region. One hypothesis to be tested was that such transverse reinforcement would ensure uniform bond stress distribution over the entire splice length, thus mobilizing all bar lugs along the splice in the stress transfer mechanism between the bar and the surrounding concrete, and hence would lead to increasing the bond strength of galvanized bars. The second hypothesis to be checked was whether the aforementioned mechanism of mobilizing all bar lugs along the splice in the stress transfer mechanism would reduce the significant decrease in bond strength of galvanized bars relative to black bars in high-strength concrete. Eighteen full-scale beam specimens, designed to fail in bond-splitting mode, were tested in positive bending. Each beam was reinforced with bars spliced in a constant moment region at midspan. The main variables were bar size and the amount of transverse reinforcement in the splice region. The test results indicated that, whereas confinement increased the bond strength of galvanized bars and black bars, confinement did not have a significant positive effect on the bond strength of galvanized bars relative to black bars. Copyright © 2006, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.[Anonymous], 2002, 318 ACI; *ASTM A, 2003, 615615M03A ASTM A, P318; Azizinamini A, 1999, ACI STRUCT J, V96, P826; BRESLER B, 1964, 7 C INT ASS BRIDG ST; BRODBECK H, 1954, SCHWEIZ BAUZEITUNG, P256; GUKILD L, 1965, VARMAFORSINKT ARMERI, P37; Hamad BS, 2003, ACI STRUCT J, V100, P465; KAYYALI OA, 1995, CONSTR BUILD MATER, V9, P219, DOI 10.1016-0950-0618(95)00024-A; KOCH R, BETONWERK FERTIGTEIL, V54, P64; LIEBER W, 1967, ZEM-KALK-GIPS, P91; Orangun C. O., 1977, ACI J, V74, P114; SHMEER F, 1920, DTSCH AUCHUSS EISNEB, P9; SLATER WA, 1920, 173 NBS, P922
TIPE KEPRIBADIAN TOKOH UTAMA PADA NOVEL “INTROVER” KARYA M.F. HAZIM
No full textThe author tries to analyze the personality of the main characters using the study of literary psychology, whether the main character is more melancholic or pblegmatic. M.F. Hazim in his novel "Introver" tells the story of the world intover. Reading it, we are invited to explore in the mind and soul of an introver who is always nervous, restless, and upset; also the inner conflict that torments him, and how he finds "friends" to fill his loneliness and make his life more meaningful. The author wants to know more clearly what exactly the lives of introverts are in their daily lives. This research is directed to one main problem, namely "What is the personality type of the main character introver in the" Introver "novel by M.F. Hazim ". This research uses descriptive qualitative method with heuristic and hermeneutic reading techniques in order to understand and reveal "something" contained in literary works. The results of the research that have been carried out are in accordance with the research hypothesis, namely the main character Nawawi has an introvert personality type in the novel "Introver" by M.F. Hajim. Researchers found 42 quotes stating that Nawawi has an introverted personality type. Of the 42 quotes that have been found, 28 quotes state that Nawawi has a melancholic personality type and 14 quotes state that Nawawi has a phlegmatic personality type
Beyond Lesson Studies and Design Experiments: Using theoretical tools in practice and finding out how they work
No full textThis paper aims to illustrate how fruitful insights into the link between school teaching practice and student learning outcomes can be theoretically grounded by the variation theory from the field of phenomenography; and from this framework demonstrate how a 'pedagogy of awareness' can be implemented in the classroom. In this study, five teachers and 162 students at Primary Four level of school education in Hong Kong participated and the practice of the 'learning study' was adopted. By comparing the results of pre- and posttests, a significant gain was observed in the students learning outcomes.
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Helical mode interactions and spectral energy transfer in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
No full textSpectral transfer processes in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence are investigated by decomposition of the velocity and magnetic fields in Fourier space into helical modes. In 1992, Waleffe (Phys. Fluids A, 4:350 (1992)) used this decomposition to calculate triad interactions for isotropic hydrodynamic turbulence and determined whether a given triad contributed to forward or reverse energy transfer depending on the helicities of the interacting modes. The problem becomes more difficult in MHD due to the need to treat a coupled system of partial differential equations and the energy transfers between the magnetic and velocity fields. This requires the development of techniques that extend Waleffe's work, which are subsequently used to calculate the direction of energy transfer processes originating from triad interactions derived from the MHD equations. In order to illustrate the possible transfer processes that arise from helical mode interactions, we focus on simplified cases and putting special emphasis on interactions resulting in reverse spectral energy transfer. This approach also proves to be helpful in determining the nature of certain energy transfer processes, where transfer of energy between different fields and between the same field can be distinguished. Reverse transfer of magnetic energy was found if the helicities of two modes corresponding to the smaller wavenumbers are the same, while for reverse transfer of kinetic energy Waleffe's result is recovered. Reverse transfer of kinetic to magnetic energy is facilitated if the interacting magnetic field modes are of opposite helicity, and no reverse transfer of magnetic to kinetic energy was found. More generally, the direction of energy transfer not only depends on helicity but also on the ratio of magnetic to kinetic energy. For the magnetically dominated case reverse transfer occurs of all helicities are the same, the kinetically dominated case two modes need to have the same helicity while the third mode is of opposite helicity to allow reverse transfer
Reynolds number dependence of the dimensionless dissipation rate in stationary magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
No full textResults on the Reynolds number dependence of the dimensionless total dissipation rate C_ε are presented, obtained from medium to high resolution direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of mechanically forced stationary homogeneous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the absence of a mean magnetic field, showing that C_ε -> const with increasing Reynolds number. Furthermore, a model equation for the Reynolds number dependence of the dimensionless dissipation rate is derived from the real-space energy balance equation by asymptotic expansion in terms of Reynolds number of the second- and third-order correlation functions of the Elsässer fields z± = u ± b. At large Reynolds numbers we find that a model of the form C_ε = C_ε,∞ + C/R describes the data well, while at lower Reynolds numbers the model needs to be extended to second order in 1/R in order to obtain a good fit to the data, where R is a generalised Reynolds number with respect to the Elsässer field z-
Consumer's welfare and change in stochastic partial-equilibrium price
No full textWelfare Economics;Stochastic Processes
Author and reader in Instructions for use
No full textInstructions for use should not be seen as merely instrumental-they should also persuade the reader to read the text and to act accordingly. Moreover, they should establish a positive image of the product and the manufacturer. In this paper, a collection of instructions for use is used to identify strategies that technical writers apply to fulfill these `rhetorical' demands; especially strategies that involve the author-reader relationship. The analysis shows that the implied author's role is not only that of a neutral instructor, but also that of a teacher or a salesman. The reader is not only addressed as a technical `operator', but also as a `user' who applies the product in a `real-life task'. The analysis also shows that technical writers sometimes use subtle politeness strategies to compensate for `face threatening acts' (FTAs). However, all of these rhetorical strategies seem to be applied very unsystematically and often clumsily. The conclusion is that technical writers may be aware of rhetorical demands for their documents, but that the instrumental function still is paramount in their eye
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