176 research outputs found
Austin also must be remembered. The Augustinian legacy in Milton's work
No full textWhen I started working on this project, with a limited knowledge of Augustine, but determined to spot his presence in Miltonâs poetry, I was little aware of the intricacy of the relationship between the two authors. At this stage of my research, I do subscribe to Savoyeâs opinion, that this relationship is pervasive. However, one could safely add, it is as pervasive as it is hidden, primarily because of changed cultural paradigms, so that Miltonâs references are no longer familiar to the reader.
As I have pointed out in my presentation of the state of the art, these articulations are hardly made explicit in Miltonâs Oeuvre and also in critical literature they are hardly brought to the surface. My objective has been to make them a little more visible.
I have started my own process of discovery from the works where Milton more openly (but not completely) acknowledges his Augustinian sources, although arguably mediated. As concerns Samson Agonistes, I have presented a reading through Augustinian lenses. I am by no means claiming that mine is the best of all possible readings, but through those lenses I have been able to see a coherence, in Miltonâs dramatic poem, that is not generally recognized.
On the other hand, I thoroughly agree that âone cannot simply take any English poet and turn the post-structuralist critical machine loose on him or her in good faithâ. In particular, I am aware that I have read Miltonâs works against the current critical grain which, with a powerful turn impressed by Empsonâs Miltonâs God, is continually surfacing Miltonâs idiosyncrasies in order to cancel the received picture of a Christian author. Rather, I agree with Cirillo that Miltonâs perspective is that of âa professed Christian poet whose Christian consciousness, no matter how heterodox, colored virtually everything he wrote.â.We may ask, echoing Febvre on Rabelais, âMais de quel christianisme? In accordance with very traditional, even traditionalist Milton Criticism, I think it can safely be stated that Milton is a post-Reformation religious author, and one whose endeavour to âjustify the ways of God to menâ had to come to terms with the difficult task to find signs of providential history in the aftermath of a civil war and in the adverse context of the Restoration. His last published poems deal with this problem in different terms. As readers, we can come to different conclusions as to the texts. Behind them there is the man, âest abyssus humanae conscientiae,â in front of which, after Augustine, I can only say: "nescio"
Hope and Despair in Milton's Samson Agonistes and Paradise Regained
No full textHope and Despair in Milton’s Samson
Agonistes and Paradise Regained
Abstract
This thesis aims to explore the notions of hope and despair in Milton’s companion poems, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes. In the first chapter, I will define and establish the notions of hope and despair in the Christian context by examining the configurations of these two ideas in the Bible, fathers of the church, and representative reformation theologians. A broader contextual study will include renaissance poets and prose writers and one emblem author. The second chapter presents an outline and discussion of the critical history of these two poems, and I will focus upon critics’ reading of hope and despair in these two poems. The third and fourth chapters are devoted to Samson Agonistes and Paradise Regained respectively. Samson and Christ exemplify true hope. A false hope is then embraced by Samson’s visitors, the Chorus, Manoa, Dalila, and Harapha, and the Philistines, and Jesus’ tempter, Satan. In these two chapters, a revelation of the causal relationship between other virtues, faith, patience, and confidence, and hope will enhance our understanding of Christian hope. Milton’s treatments of hope as an act and a tangible being can be evidenced in the protagonists of his two major poems. Samson conquers his near-despair, withstands temptations of false hope and despair, and eventually regains hope as God’s chosen. Jesus passes the trials of faith and patience, maturing in self-knowledge, defeating the despairing Devil, and proving himself as Hope of mankind. The epilogue of the thesis is intended to compare Milton’s representations of hope in Samson and Christ.Table of Contents
Page
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
Chapter 1
Introduction: Hope and Despair in the Renaissance and Reformation: a Context...................................1
I. Definitions and Biblical Tradition
II. The Patristic Tradition: St. Augustine and St. Thomas
III. The Renaissance and the Reformation Tradition
Chapter 2
The Critical History of Samson Agonistes and Paradise Regained ............................................... 43
Chapter 3
Reading Samson Agonistes............................ 65
I. Linguistic Distinction: Hope as a Verb
II. Samson Agonistes and the Book of Judges
III. Hope and Faith
IV. Manoa’s False Hope
V. Regaining Hope: Samson Conquering Despair
Chapter 4
Reading Paradise Regained ..........................104
I. Linguistic Definition: Hope as a Noun
II. Mary and the Apostles’ Concepts of Christian Hope
III. Satan’s False Hope and Despair
IV. Hope Confirmed: Christ’s Growth
Epilogue ...............................................140
Works Cited ............................................144
Appendi
Geochronology and geochemistry of Early Mesoproterozoic meta-diabase sills from Quruqtagh in the northeastern Tarim Craton: implications for breakup of the Columbia supercontinent
No full textAbstract not availableChang-Zhi Wu, M. Santosh, Yan-Jing Chen, Iain M. Samson, Ru-Xiong Lei, Lian-Hui Dong, Xun Qu, Lian-Xing G
Crestal fault geometries reveal late halokinesis and collapse of the Samson Dome, Northern Norway: Implications for petroleum systems in the Barents Sea
No full textAbstractThis paper uses 2D and high-quality 3D seismic reflection data to assess the geometry and kinematics of the Samson Dome, offshore Norway, revising the implications of the new data to hydrocarbon exploration in the Barents Sea. The study area was divided into three (3) zones in terms of fault geometries and predominant strikes. Displacement-length (D-x) and Throw-depth (T-z) plots showed faults to consist of several segments that were later dip-linked. Interpreted faults were categorised into three families, with Type A comprising crestal faults, Type B representing large E-W faults, and Type C consisting of polygonal faults. The Samson Dome was formed in three major stages: a) a first stage recording buckling of the post-salt overburden and generation of radial faults; b) a second stage involving dissolution and collapse of the dome, causing subsidence of the overburden and linkage of initially isolated fault segments; and c) a final stage in which large fault segments were developed. Late Cretaceous faults strike predominantly to the NW, whereas NE-trending faults comprise Triassic structures that were reactivated in a later stage. Our work provides scarce evidence for the escape of hydrocarbons in the Samson Dome. In addition, fault analyses based on present-day stress distributions indicate a tendency for ‘locking’ of faults at depth, with the largest leakage factors occurring close to the surface. The Samson Dome is an analogue to salt structures in the Barents Sea where oil and gas exploration has occurred with varied degrees of success
TIPOLOGI ORGANISASI DAKWAH
No full textDakwah adalah sebuah aktifitas dalam rangka mengajak manusia menuju jalan Allah swt. Dalam aktifitas dakwah sangat efektif jika dilakukan dengan berorganisasi. Akan tetapi dengan munculnya organisasi ini menyebabkan banyaknya tipologi organisasi dakwah. Tipologi ini menyebabkan berbedanya pemahaman dan gerakan. Dapat digambarkan bahwa ada tiga tipologi besar organisasi dakwah, tipologi salafi, tipologi moderat dan tipologi kholafi. Juga dapat diklasifikasikan dalam tipologi organisasi dakwah dilihat dari umur, strata sosial dan metodologis
Economic utopia of the Torah. Economic concepts of the Hebrew Bible interpreted according to the Rabbinical Literature
No full textHebrew Bible offers alternative Economic utopia for building Theocratic society. In this paper, various economic concepts and themes are presented, as found in the Hebrew Bible. These economic concepts include taxation, property rights, labor market, social policy, banking, years of Sabbath and Jubilee, and business cycles. Most economic issues of the Bible are found in the texts of Torah, also known as five Books of Moses. These texts are analyzed by using classical Rabbinical commentaries for better insight. Contrary to the modern Economic theory which is based on the assumptions of scarcity of resources and unlimited needs of consumers, Economics of the Torah is based on God’s resources which are enough for all true needs of His people.Hebrew Bible, History of Economics, History of Economic Thought, Ancient Israel, Judaism
Mobile biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution: A new perspective for the moss-bag approach
No full textfirst_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints
Open AccessArticle
Mobile Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Pollution: A New Perspective for the Moss-Bag Approach
by Maria Cristina Sorrentino 1,Fiore Capozzi 1ORCID,Karen Wuyts 2,Steven Joosen 3,Valentine K. Mubiana 3,Simonetta Giordano 1ORCID,Roeland Samson 2 andValeria Spagnuolo 1,*ORCID
1
Department of Biology, Campus Monte S. Angelo, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
2
Department of Bioscience Engineering, Campus Groenenborgerlaan 171, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
3
Department of Biology, Campus Groenenborgerlaan 171, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2021, 10(11), 2384; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112384
Received: 11 October 2021 / Revised: 26 October 2021 / Accepted: 3 November 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Potential of Plants to Absorb Xenobiotics)
Download Browse Figures Versions Notes
Abstract
In this work the potential of moving moss-bags, fixed to bicycles, to intercept particulate matter (PM) and linked metal(loid)s was tested for the first time. Seven volunteers carried three moss-bags for fifty days while commuting by bicycle in the urban area of Antwerp, Belgium. Moreover, one bike, equipped with mobile PM samplers, travelled along four routes: urban, industrial, green route and the total path, carrying three moss-bags at each route. The saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) signal and chemical composition (assessed by HR-ICP-MS) of the moss samples indicated that the industrial route was the most polluted. Element fluxes (i.e., the ratio between element daily uptake and the specific leaf area) could discriminate among land uses; particularly, they were significantly higher in the industrial route for Ag, As, Cd and Pb; significantly lowest in the green route for As and Pb; and comparable for all accumulated elements along most urban routes. A comparison with a previous experiment carried out in the same study area using similar moss-bags at static exposure points, showed that the element fluxes were significantly higher in the mobile system. Finally, PM2.5 and PM10 masses measured along the four routes were consistent with element fluxes
Interception of radionuclides by planophile crops: A simple semi-empirical modelling approach in case of nuclear accident fallout
No full textShortly after an atmospheric release, the interception of radionuclides by crop canopies represents the main uptake pathway leading to food chain contamination. The food chain models currently used in European emergency decision support systems require a large number of input parameters, which inevitably leads to high model complexity. In this study, we have established a new relationship for wet deposited radionuclides to simplify the current modelling approaches. This relationship is based on the hypothesis that the stage of plant development is the key factor governing the interception of radionuclides by crops having horizontally oriented leaves (planophile crops). The interception fraction (f) and the leaf area index normalized (f(LAI)) and mass normalized (f(B)) interception fractions were assessed for spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and radish (Raphanus sativus) at different stages of plant development and for different contamination treatments and plant densities. A database of 191 f values for Cs-137 and Th-229 was built and complemented with existing literature covering various radionuclides and crops with similar canopy structure. The overall f increased with the plant growth, while the reverse was observed for f(B). The f(LAI) significantly decreased by doubling the contaminated rainfall deposited. Fitting a multiple linear regression to predict the f value as a function of the standing biomass (B), and the radionuclide form (anion and cation) led to a better estimation of the interception (R-2 = 81%) than the ECOSYS-87 model (R-2 = 35%). Hence, the simplified modelling approach here proposed seems to be a suitable risk assessment tool as fewer parameters will minimize the model complexity and facilitate the decision-making procedures in case of emergencies, when countermeasures need to be identified and implemented promptly. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors wish to thank dr. Gerard Prohl (International € Atomic Energy Agency) for proof reading the article, dr. Ella Roelant (University of Antwerp) for providing statistical and modelling assistance, dr. Diederik Jacques (SCK CEN) for his contribution to modeling the speciation of radionuclides, the lab-technicians Axel Van Gompel and Robin Nauts (Biosphere Impact Study, SCK CEN) for helping during laboratory activities, and the ing. Leen Verheyen
(Low-level Radiactivity Measurements, SCK CEN), expert in gamma spectrometry. This work was funded by the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN) as PhD grant for Antonella CristinaCristina, A (corresponding author), Belgian Nucl Res Ctr SCK CEN, Fdn Publ Util, Biosphere Impact Studies, B-2400 Mol, Belgium ; Univ Antwerp, Dept Biosci Engn, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
[email protected]
AKOMODASI BUDAYA LOKAL DALAM LEGISLASI HUKUM KELUARGA DI INDONESIA
No full textAbstract: Culture as a result of the free and dual human creative power of the natural world, it encompasses the material matters (Immaterial) and Maddi (material), real and unreal objects, Malmusah and Ghairu malmusah (palpable and untouched). Essentially, culture (Tsaqafah) is expressed as the product of human reason consisting of patterns, steady attitudes, thoughts, feelings, and reactions obtained and is primarily derived by symbols that make up its achievement independently of human groups. The nature of this Islamic responsiveness has been built by the Prophet (s) when prohibiting Khamr, forbidding the worship of idols and other shari'ah. How Rasulullah saw is very careful and gradual in doing da'wah, so achieved the success of da'wah in upholding Islamic creed and shari'ah at that time. Today many problems in the establishment of law and legislation, legislators are more concerned with intellectual subjectivity and importance than the objectivity of humanity to the benefit, resulting in policies that are not responsive to the needs of society. The author in this context tries to inventory the various local wisdom of the Muslim community in the archipelago that is relevant as an approach in establishing legislation based on local culture.Keywords: Local Culture, Legislation, Islamic Law Abstrak. Budaya merupakan hasil dari kreativitas manusiawi yang bebas dan alamiah, meliputi sisi immaterial dan materi, objek nyata dan tidak nyata, malmusah dan ghairu malmusah (gamblang dan tak tersentuh). Pada dasarnya, budaya (tsaqafah) merupakan produk akal manusia yang terdiri dari pola, kesantunan, pikiran, perasaan, dan reaksi yang diperoleh dan terutama berasal oleh simbol yang membentuk pencapaiannya secara mandiri dari kelompok manusia. Sifat dari respon Islam ini telah dibangun oleh Nabi (s) ketika melarang khamr, melarang penyembahan berhala dan syariah lainnya. Bagaimana Rasulullah melihat sangat hati-hati dan bertahap dalam melakukan dakwah, sehingga mencapai keberhasilan dakwah dalam menegakkan akidah Islam dan syari'ah pada waktu itu. Saat ini banyak masalah dalam pembentukan hukum dan undang-undang, di mana legislator lebih peduli dengan kepentingan subjektivitas intelektual daripada kepentingan objektivitas kemanusiaan, sehingga kebijakan yang lahir tidak responsif terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat. Penulis dalam konteks ini mencoba untuk menginventarisasi berbagai kearifan lokal komunitas Muslim di nusantara yang relevan sebagai pendekatan dalam menetapkan perundang-undangan berdasarkan budaya lokal.Kata Kunci: Budaya Lokal, Legislasi, Hukum Isla
DINAMIKA MASYARAKAT BERAGAMA MENUJU NEGARA BALDATUN TOYYIBATUN WARABBUN GHAFUR (Sebuah Tinjaun Implementasi Teory Billyard Ball )
No full textReligion and society have a very close relationship in this life, fitroh humans will never be separated from belief in God, so that automatically applied in religious norms and values, while when humans are positioned as social beings who will not be able to stand alone then there is interaction between individuals, groups giving birth to society. Both religious and community items cannot be separated, because normatively that religion is derived to foster individuals and society. The methodology used in analyzing this study is literature study, which analyzes a variety of scattered texts related to the dynamics of a common society, which is progressing and leading to religious transformation towards civil society, or often called baldatun toyibatun warabbun ghafur. This study can be concluded that the dynamics of religious communities is an ongoing evolutionary process that is dynamically in accordance with the existing dynamics of thought, supported by other factors. The culmination of the dynamics of religious communities is when religion is able to become a coloring even as a formal symbol in a government, in which religious values are the main reference in government. So that in the process religion began to participate practically in politics to gain power
- …
