1,721,021 research outputs found
Prospects for equal employment opportunity for women in Pakistani organisations: by Faiza Ali.
No full textThe aim of the thesis is to advance the theory of equal employment opportunities (EEO) by considering how socio-cultural and institutional context affect the nature and issues of EEO for women in Muslim majority countries (MMCs). Pakistan has been chosen as the case study because of the strong influence of socio-cultural factors in this country. The thesis adopted sociological neo-institutional theory to explore the complex process of EEO in MMCs. The concept of EEO for women has been largely researched in western contexts, and has been only partially explored in MMCs. Using multilevel lens, this thesis explores the contextual nature and issues associated with EEO for women in Pakistani organisations (organisations based in Pakistan owned by either local or foreign owners), and theorises EEO in MMCs. The qualitative research methodology consisted of document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Document analysis included reviewing the core Islamic texts (Quran & Hadith), national and international labour laws and organisational policies related to EEO. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with HR managers and female employees from private-sector banking, education and telecommunications organisations, using an interpretive genre to understand the complexity of EEO-related issues in the workplace.
The findings revealed that female employees in Pakistani organisations face gender discrimination at multiple levels. At the macro level, the review of the legislative framework of gender equality in the light of Islamic texts suggested that equal opportunity regimes and practices in MMCs are characterised by the same dichotomy found in the normative interpretations of gender diversity in Islam: an egalitarian interpretation advocating affirmative action in women's favour, and a patriarchal interpretation supporting women's subordination to men. The analysis of Pakistani and international laws of EEO highlighted the contradictory implications of national legislation created to 'protect' Pakistani women and the country's weak implementation of international instruments directed towards EEO. The comparison of key features of EEO in three neighbouring South Asian countries - Pakistan, India and Bangladesh - revealed a common trajectory of female disadvantage in employment; however, Pakistani working women face comparatively more disadvantage due to the joint effect of patriarchal cultural traditions and narrow religious interpretations. While Pakistan is an Islamic republic both Bangladesh and India are secular in terms of their constitution.
At the meso-organisational level, the findings indicated that organisations cannot be held solely accountable for equal opportunity, because organisational structures and routines of equal opportunity are affected by both macro-societal factors (e.g., legal, socio-cultural) and micro-individual factors (e.g., intersectionality, agency). Implications for policy makers include the need to recognise the dichotomous nature of EEO legislation and focus on laws that are more egalitarian and less patriarchal. Gender mainstreaming at a policy level is very important to improve the EEO situation, and the government should take steps to create awareness-raising programmes at multiple levels. Employers need to recognise the socio-cultural factors that affect EEO-related issues in the workplace. EEO policies need to be explicit, and all employees should be made aware of these policies and of appropriate organisational systems for redressing EEO- or SH-related problems.
The thesis contributed to the theory by highlighting the importance of neo-institutional theory and multilevel analysis in the context of EEO in MMCs. This thesis further contributed to empirical knowledge by highlighting multilevel issues and challenges faced by women in Pakistani organisations which remain largely underreported in the mainstream studies. This research has highlighted a tension between the mainstream western notion of EEO and its framing and application in organisations in Pakistan (and possibly other MMCs). In particular, patriarchal interpretations of Islam and other cultural practices appear to be a major barrier to EEO. Indeed, EEO in MMCs such as Pakistan cannot be realistically understood and managed unless issues of gender equality are tackled at multiple levels within and outside the workplace
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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