294 research outputs found
A Feminist Bioethics Conference in Qatar? Critical Viewpoints and an Impulse for Further Discussion
No full textIn October 2022, the International Association of Bioethics announced that the 17th World Congress of Bioethics (WCB) 2024 would be held in Doha, Qatar. The International Network on Feminist Approaches to Bioethics (FAB) traditionally holds its World Congress jointly with the WCB. As part of the ongoing debate about the ethics of bioethics conferencing, the FAB provided a detailed statement discussing concerns about choosing Qatar as the site for a feminist bioethics conference. In order to explore possible approaches towards the FABs decision, the German Feminist Perspectives in Medical Ethics and Bioethics working group (FME) dedicated one of its meetings to the topic. In this commentary, we present two aspects that we consider particularly important for this current debate: (1) the participation of LGBTQIA+ people in the conference and (2) the possibility of racist and anti-Muslim bias in the evaluation of Qatar as the site for the WCB 2024. As members of the FME, we aim to contribute to an exchange of various perspectives within the international feminist bioethics community
Feministische Perspektiven in der deutschsprachigen Medizinethik: eine Bestandsaufnahme und drei Thesen
No full textDEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM: Feminist approaches to medical ethics are well established in international discourses. By contrast, in the German-speaking medical ethical discourse, they still seem to be rather marginal. In this article, we analyze which feminist perspectives are prominent in German medical ethics and suggest new approaches. ARGUMENTS: We present our results from a systematized review of the literature, in which we identify existing feminist approaches within the German-speaking medical ethics discourse as well as research gaps. Based on the review, our preliminary research and discussions in the working group “Feminist perspectives in bio and medical ethics”, we defend three hypotheses aimed at advancing the German feminist medical ethical discourse. We posit that (1) feminist medical ethics aim at (epistemic) justice, (2) feminist medical ethics are critical and context-sensitive, and (3) intersectional and postcolonial approaches within feminist medical ethics may contribute to epistemically just, critical, and context-sensitive medical ethics. CONCLUSION: We argue that feminist perspectives should be implemented as a fundamental perspective in medical ethics because they can bring together key dimensions such as epistemically just, critical, context-sensitive, intersectional, and postcolonial thinking
Industrial Platforms in manufacturing operating in Germany : How are these platforms framed?
No full textAuthor Mirjam AlberMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
‘Race consciousness’ in clinical practice guidelines as a tool to address institutional discrimination?
No full textNaghipour A, Faissner M. ‘Race consciousness’ in clinical practice guidelines as a tool to address institutional discrimination? Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie. 2025.**Abstract**
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are an important instrument of evidence-based medicine. They structure medical care on the organizational level and can help standardize care and implement best practice standards. However, if their implementation leads to systematic group-specific disadvantages, CPGs may reproduce institutional discrimination. Therefore, considering the effects of CPGs on healthcare for marginalized groups is crucial.
While racism is recognized as an important social determinant of health that explains health inequities across groups marked through racialization, it is unclear how racialization should be considered in CPGs. Different approaches are currently discussed. ‘Race’-based medicine is still prevalent in clinical practice. ‘Race’-based medicine treats ‘race’ as a proxy for assumed underlying biological differences and involves considering a person’s ‘race’ in clinical algorithms. ‘Race’-based medicine is criticized as ontologically flawed because it is based on ‘racial population naturalism’. Additionally, it is criticized for its consequences in clinical practice, because it redirects resources away from groups affected by racism, reifies ‘race’ as a biological category and may reinforce biases in clinical practice.
Based on the criticism of ‘race’-based approaches, ‘race’-conscious medicine has been developed. ‘Race consciousness’ understands ‘race’ as a social construct rooted in racism, which can explain and address treatment disadvantages for patients affected by racism. In this article, we discuss the potential and limitations of ‘race’-
conscious
as compared to ‘race’-
based
guidelines as a tool to mitigate the risk of institutional discrimination in healthcare. Eventually, we consider specific challenges to the implementation of ‘race’-conscious approaches in the German context.
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Phraseological Units in "Nathan und seine Kinder" by Mirjam Pressler
No full textDiplomsko delo obravnava nemške frazeme, ki sem jih našla v mladinskem romanu Nathan und seine Kinder pisateljice Mirjam Pressler. Glavni cilj moje diplomske naloge je najti razlike in podobnosti v razmerju nemškega in slovenskega jezika.
Delo je razdeljeno na dva dela. V teoretičnem delu so podrobneje predstavljene osnove frazeologije, lastnosti frazemov in njihova uporaba v mladinski literaturi. Prav tako je nekaj besed namenjenih pisateljici Mirjam Pressler in njenemu delu. Empirični del obravnava frazeme najdene v romanu, jih primerja s slovenskimi ustreznicami ter na podlagi primerjave določi stopnjo ekvivalence.The following thesis will deal with idioms, found in the young adult novel Nathan und seine Kinder by author Mirjam Pressler. The main goal of the thesis is to establish the differences and similarities present when comparing idioms found in the German language, with those found in Slovenian.
The thesis is divided into two parts. The first is theoretical and features a presentation of the basics of phraseology, the characteristics of idioms and their use in young adult literature. A chapter is devoted to the authorMirjam Pressler and her work. The empirical part of the thesis deals with idioms found in the literary work itself, compares them with corresponding words in Slovenian and determines their level of equivalence based on said comparison
Implementing clinical ethics support services in psychiatry: A qualitative study
No full textBackground Despite the ubiquity of ethical challenges in psychiatric practice, many psychiatric hospitals in Germany have not yet successfully established clinical ethics support services (CESS). Aim Offering and evaluating a program that supports professionals in implementing CESS in psychiatric hospitals in Germany, and identifying which barriers and facilitators they encounter in the process. Research design, participants and research context We offered online implementation support to four psychiatric hospitals over a period of 14 months, which included regular support meetings with members of the hospitals’ ethics committees. We conducted three focus groups with a total of 12 members of the respective clinical ethics committees at the beginning of the project, after 6 and after 12 months. Focus group transcripts and protocols of the support meetings were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Ethical considerations The study was approved by the University’s Research Ethics Committee. Results Barriers for implementation included structural factors, such as a lack of financial and time resources, a lack of knowledge about ethics consultation and its benefits in psychiatry, and difficulties distinguishing ethical questions from medical and legal questions or team conflicts. Participants assumed that specific psychiatric expertise was necessary to offer ethics consultation for psychiatric cases but generally found interdisciplinary and multiprofessional ethics committees helpful. Further helpful factors included the support of hospital management and strategies to increase awareness for ethics support services among different professional groups. Participants found the online support program helpful to discuss specific problems and identify next steps for implementation, and reported improvements in the implementation of CESS in the respective hospitals. Conclusions The provision of adequate personnel and time resources is essential to address structural implementation barriers. Our study demonstrates that establishing support programs on a broader scale is promising to improve the implementation of CESS in psychiatry.Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 50110000234
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Tradução comentada do romance juvenil Wenn das Glück kommt, muss man ein Stuhl hinstellen, de Mirjam Pressler
No full textEste trabalho projeto tem como propósito principal apresentar uma proposta de tradução para a língua portuguesa dos seis primeiros capítulos do romance juvenil da autora Mirjam Pressler Wenn das Glück kommt, muss man ihm einen Stuhl hinstellen.
Esta autora alemã foi selecionada porque tem uma vasta obra literária premiada na vertente de literatura infanto-juvenil. Seria interessante traduzir Mirjam Pressler para português, dando assim a conhecer aos jovens portugueses a obra literária desta autora que traz muitos ensinamentos de carácter social e histórico no contexto do Holocausto e pós guerra.
Esta obra foi escolhida em particular por possuir um carácter muito autobiográfico e por ser um livro apaixonante em que a personagem central, Halinka, apesar de viver uma infância e adolescência dificéis consegue construir a sua identidade a partir de pedaços quebrados e encontrar um modo de vida.
Este romance juvenil em particular foi escolhido porque os jovens devem ser incentivados para a leitura, permitindo assim o seu desenvolvimento linguístico e cognitivo, mas também o seu desenvolvimento pessoal e social.
Ao longo deste trabalho projeto serão identificadas algumas dificuldades tradutivas do alemão para o português.This projet report pretends to present a proposed translation into Portuguese of the first six chapters of the youth novel by Mirjam Pressler Wenn das Glück kommt, muss man ein Stuhl hinstellen.
This german author was selected because she has a vast literary work awarded in the area of children´s literature. It would be interesting to translate Mirjam Pressler into Portuguese, thus by making her literary work known to the young portuguese people the literary work of this author that brings many social and historical teachings in the context of Holocaust and post war.
This work was chosen in particular because it has a very autobiographical character and is a passionate book in which the central character, Halinka, despite living a difficult childhood and adolescence manages to build her identity from broken pieces and find a way of life.
This particular youth novel was chosen because young people should be encouraged to read, thus enabling their linguistic and cognitive development, but also their personal and social development.
Troughout this project some translation difficulties will be identificated from German to Portuguese
Competition through Technical Progress
No full textThe relationship between technical progress and price competition is a controversial issue in economics. This paper highlights the fact that investment in technical progress is an authentic type of competition which benefits the consumers rather than the industry. This type of competition exists when the potential for technical progress, which can be incorporated by firms through investment, is high enough. Competition is, in fact, made up of two components: A static one which is known as price or quantity competition and a dynamic one, the Technical Progress competition which also contribute to reduce prices and increase quantities for consumers. Consequently, the economic factors that increase a firm's margin do not have to be viewed as the consumers' enemy, but rather as an ally, under specific conditions, because they allow higher investments in new technology by which firms increase their capacities and attract higher demand from consumers. This paper also underlines that, for a mature market, the maximum Consumer Surplus as well as Social Welfare are attained by a constant level of combined competition which is only dependent on the size of the market and the number of firms. The level of combined competition can be defined as the product of the static and the dynamic level of competition. As a consequence, the higher the potential of technical progress is, the lower the level of static competition must be in order to reach the maximum level of Consumer Surplus and Social Welfare. --Investment,Competition,Technical Progress,Dynamic Competition
Sebastian Castellio, Annotationes in Pauli Epistulam ad Romanos ex Cap. IX. Critical edition and English translation by Michiel Op de Coul and Mirjam van Veen, 2020
No full textIn this little book, Mirjam van Veen (Church Historian) and Michiel Op de Coul (Classical Scholar) publish the Latin text (together with an English translation) of a lengthy annotation on Romans 9, addressing the biblical foundation of the doctrine of predestination, clearly criticising the vision promoted by Jean Calvin. The author of the text, Sebastian Castellio (1515-1563), added this annotation to the second edition (1554) of his Latin Bible (first edition 1551), published by the Basel p..
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