1,721,230 research outputs found
Wolbachia strain wAlbB shows favourable characteristics for dengue control use in Aedes aegypti from Burkina Faso
Get PDFDengue represents an increasing public health burden worldwide. In Africa, underreporting and misdiagnosis often mask its true epidemiology, and dengue is likely to be both more widespread than reported data suggest and increasing in incidence and distribution. Wolbachia-based dengue control is underway in Asia and the Americas but has not to date been deployed in Africa. Due to the genetic heterogeneity of African Aedes aegypti populations and the complexity of the host-symbiont interactions, characterization of key parameters of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes is paramount for determining the potential of the system as a control tool for dengue in Africa. The wAlbB Wolbachia strain was stably introduced into an African Ae. aegypti population by introgression, and showed high intracellular density in whole bodies and different mosquito tissues; high intracellular density was also maintained following larval rearing at high temperatures. No effect on the adult lifespan induced by Wolbachia presence was detected. Moreover, the ability of this strain to strongly inhibit DENV-2 dissemination and transmission in the host was also demonstrated in the African background. Our findings suggest the potential of harnessing Wolbachia for dengue control for African populations of Ae. aegypti
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Chikungunya virus emergence in the Americas and Europe
No full textLe virus chikungunya (CHIKV), transmis par les moustiques Aedes aegypti et Aedes albopictus, constitue un problème majeur de santé publique. Depuis 2004, des épidémies de CHIKV ont été rapportées en Afrique, en Asie, dans les îles de l'Océan Indien, et en Europe. Seule l'Amérique semblait épargnée malgré la présence de fortes densités de moustiques vecteurs et de multiples importations du virus dans le continent par des voyageurs de retour de pays où le virus circulait. Nous avons abordé dans cette thèse le risque d'émergence du CHIKV en Amérique à partir d'une évaluation de la compétence vectorielle de 35 populations d'Ae. aegypti et Ae. albopictus locaux avec différentes souches de CHIKV. Ces populations sont compétentes vis-à-vis du CHIKV avec un rôle des glandes salivaires comme "filtre" de la transmission. De plus, le génotypage des Ae. albopictus d'Amérique par microsatellites a permis d'identifier un cluster génétique de populations se caractérisant par une faible transmission des souches de CHIKV de génotype Est-Centre-Sud-africain. En octobre 2013, des souches asiatiques de CHIKV ont été signalées dans la Caraïbe. Nous avons alors évalué la réceptivité de 11 populations d'Ae. aegypti et Ae. albopictus d'Amérique vis-à-vis de CHIKV de génotype asiatique et avons mis en évidence que les deux espèces étaient compétents pour assurer la diffusion du virus sur le continent. On note aussi qu'Ae. albopictus peut faciliter la propagation du CHIKV vers l'Europe. Néanmoins, la compétence vectorielle d'Ae. albopictus de France vis-à-vis de CHIKV asiatique est affectée négativement par des températures plus basses que celles habituellement observées dans les pays tropicaux.Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), transmitted mainly by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, is a major public health problem. Since 2004, CHIKV epidemics have been reported in Africa, Asia, the Indian Ocean Islands, and Europe. Only the Americas seemed spared despite high densities of mosquitoes and multiple introductions of the virus to the continent by travelers returning from countries where CHIKV was circulating. We have assessed the risk of CHIKV emergence in the Americas by evaluating the vector competence of 35 local populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus infected with different strains of CHIKV. These populations were shown to be susceptible to CHIKV infection, highlighting the predominant role of salivary glands as a "filter" of transmission. Genotyping of Ae. albopictus from the Americas using microsatellites allowed the identification of a genetic cluster of populations characterized by a low transmission of CHIKV strains of the East-Central-South-African genotype. In October 2013, Asian strains of CHIKV began circulating in the Caribbean. Thus, we evaluated the susceptibility of 11 populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to the Asian CHIKV genotype and showed that the two species were sufficiently competent to ensure dissemination of the virus throughout the continent. Furthermore, we showed that Ae. albopictus was likely to facilitate the spread of CHIKV to Europe. However, the vector competence of French Ae. albopictus to the Asian CHIKV genotype was negatively affected by temperatures lower than those usually found in tropical countries
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