1,198 research outputs found
Impact of AREDS in a developing country 5 years after publication of the study
No full textPURPOSE. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) is the only large-scale study to demonstrate a reduction in the risk of progression to end-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) when vitamin supplementation was given to patients with advanced forms of the disease. Our study assesses the impact of this study on vitamin supplementation in patients with advanced AMD from 5 years before publication of the AREDS results until 5 years after. METHODS. Medical records of patients with AMD presenting between September 1996 and October 2006 were reviewed. Patients were subclassified according to AREDS categories. The proportion of advanced cases on vitamin replacement before October 2001 was compared to that after October 2001. Since October 2001, the different reasons for abstinence were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS. Only 2403 patients of the 40,000 medical records reviewed met the AREDS AMD criteria. Of these, 137 patients verifying categories 3 and 4 were diagnosed prior to October 2001. Fourteen were on supplements then. Fifty-three patients complied with the represcribed vitamins during subsequent visits after October 2001, raising the percentage significantly to 48.9percent (p0.001). Also, from October 2001 until October 2006, an additional 76 patients verified categories 3 and 4. Fifty-three (69.7percent) of them were on vitamins (p=0.001). Financial burden was the principal reason for abstinence in 67.7percent of patients prescribed vitamins after October 2001. CONCLUSION. The results of AREDS had an impressive impact on prescribing supplements in AREDS category 3 and 4 patients in Lebanon. The main reason for noncompliance is financial. © 2010 Wichtig Editore.Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group, 2001, ARCH OPHTHALMOL, V119, P1417; [Anonymous], 1999, CONTROL CLIN TRIALS, V20, P573; Chen SJ, 2008, INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI, V49, P3126, DOI 10.1167-iovs.08-1803; Chen Wen, 2003, J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci, V23, P414; Evans J. R., 2006, COCHRANE DB SYST REV, V19; Everitt AV, 2006, CLIN INTERV AGING, V1, P11, DOI 10.2147-ciia.2006.1.1.11; Fraser-Bell S, 2008, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V145, P308, DOI 10.1016-j.ajo.2007.10.007; Gupta SK, 2007, INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI, V48, P1007, DOI 10.1167-iovs.06-0712; Hirakawa M, 2008, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V92, P630, DOI 10.1136-bjo.2007.130575; Hogg RE, 2008, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V115, P1046, DOI 10.1016-j.ophtha.2007.07.031; Iyengar SK, 2004, AM J HUM GENET, V74, P20, DOI 10.1086-380912; Kawasaki R, 2008, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V115, P1735, DOI 10.1016-j.ophtha.2008.02.012; Kawasaki R, 2008, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V115, P1376, DOI 10.1016-j.ophtha.2007.11.015; KLEIN R, 1992, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V99, P933; Klein R, 2006, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V113, P373, DOI 10.1016-j.ophtha.2005.12.013; Leske MC, 2006, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V113, P29, DOI 10.1016-j.ophtha.2005.08.012; Nowak JZ, 2006, PHARMACOL REP, V58, P353; Plestina-Borjan I, 2007, COLLEGIUM ANTROPOL, V31, P33; Robman L, 2007, CAN J OPHTHALMOL, V42, P720, DOI 10.3129-canjophthahnol.i07-116; SanGiovanni JP, 2008, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V126, P1274, DOI 10.1001-archopht.126.9.1274; Santos Laura Patrícia Ferreira, 2005, Arq Bras Oftalmol, V68, P229, DOI 10.1590-S0004-27492005000200014; Schaumberg DA, 2001, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V119, P1259; Seddon JM, 2003, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V121, P1728, DOI 10.1001-archopht.121.12.1728; Seddon JM, 2006, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V124, P995, DOI 10.1001-archopht.124.7.995; SOMMER A, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P1412, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199111143252004; Sommerburg O, 1998, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V82, P907, DOI 10.1136-bjo.82.8.907; Sparrow J M, 1997, Ophthalmic Epidemiol, V4, P49; van Leeuwen R, 2003, BRIT MED J, V326, P255, DOI 10.1136-bmj.326.7383.255; Wilson HL, 2004, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V137, P615, DOI 10.1016-j.ajo.2003.10.02522
Recommended from our members
Letter from C.D. Darlington to Janaki Ammal, 18 January, 1960
No full textLetter from C.D. Darlington to Janaki Ammal. Darlington requests information on criminal castes, which he ultimately used for a section of his controversial trilogy of books, Genetics and Man (1953), The Evolution of Man and Society (1969) and the Little Universe of Man (1978). These books have subsequently received criticism for biological determinism, because of the unsubstantiated emphasis that they placed on biological causes of social behaviour.
Author: C.D. Darlington
Date: 18 January, 1960
Source: Bodleian Library Archives, Folder: MS DARLINGTON/J114
(C) Reproduced with Permission of C.D. Darlington's family</p
A suitable girl : Daṇḍin and a meal on the banks of the Kāverī
No full textIn the sixth ucchvāsa of the Daśakumāracarita, Daṇḍin narrates a short story in which a young man coming from Kāñcī is in search for a bride. He finds the suitable girl in a town on the banks of the Kāverī; her beauty is a sign of auspiciousness, and she proves to be able to cook a full meal only with the aid of a limited amount of rice. As for the meal, the passage is extremely interesting from a documentary point of view, because it describes its preparation in full detail. As well known, Daṇḍin is a Pallava poet, who writes around 700 CE; Kāñcī was the Pallava capital at that time, and the full story appears to take place in Pallava territory. The author must know the recipes he is describing quite well. But, besides providing a pleasant short novel, he almost surely had other aims as well. Daṇḍin is always very precise in locating the adventures of his characters, who quite often are of dubious morality. It is most probable that this perfect wife, and the ‘pure’ meal proposed, are also to be read as a way to extol the virtuous women and the Brahmanic customs of the Pallava country, and thus of the Dravidian South
Change is in the Cards: Competition in the Canadian Debit Card Market
No full textAs new entrants arrive in Canada’s debit card market, rule changes are needed to ensure a level playing field, and to enhance the potential benefits of competition for consumers and merchants. In a study released today, the author assesses the implications of the rapidly changing debit payment landscape. Bergevin makes recommendations for action to ensure that consumers and merchants are protected and that the system can evolve to serve them even better.financial services, debit card market, VISA, MasterCard, Interac
Le prime coordinate giurisprudenziali sulla c.d. "opposizione alla perquisizione negativa"
No full textLa Corte di cassazione fornisce le prime coordinate interpretative sulla c.d. “opposizione alla perquisizione negativa”. La disamina della sentenza pone all’interprete questioni piuttosto serie, che l’autore si propone di esaminare, riflettendo sull’oggetto del sindacato giurisdizionale condotto dal g.i.p., sulla base documentale di quel giudizio, sulla esperibilità del ricorso per cassazione avverso l’ordinanza così adottata, nonché sull’applicabilità del rimedio alle c.d. “perquisizioni speciali”.The Italian Court of Cassation provides the first interpretative coordinates about the remedy so-called ‘Opposition to the negative search’. The judgement leads the jurist to reflect on serious issues, which the author proposes to explain, by examining the object of the judicial review conducted by the judge, the documentary basis of that judgement, the admissibility of the appeal to the Court of Cassation against the judge’s decision, as well as the applicability of the remedy to the so-called ‘special searches’
Lagging Behind: Productivity and the Good Fortune of Canadian Provinces
No full textThe good fortune of bountiful natural resources is not enough to ensure rising incomes for Canadians in the long term. Growing labour productivity is the most important determinant of future economic welfare and on that measure, Canada is falling behind its major trading partners. Increasing labour productivity does not mean workers working harder for less money, a common canard. It means more investment in one of three factors: 1) human capital (education or other learning); 2) physical capital (plants or other infrastructure); or 3) technology. Just as an individual’s income is in the long-run dependent on how productive he or she is, so too is that of the nation as a whole. If Canada fails to improve its productivity, the incomes of both individual Canadians and the nation as a whole will fall behind those of other developed countries.Economic Growth and innovation, Canadian provinces, labour productivity
What Does it Cost Society to Raise a Dollar of Tax Revenue? The Marginal Cost of Public Funds
No full textThe marginal cost of public funds measures the welfare loss a society incurs in raising an additional dollar of tax revenue. Tax increases distort economic decisions and erode tax bases because of tax avoidance and tax evasion by taxpayers. This Commentary uses econometric estimates of the effects of higher provincial tax rates on the provinces’ corporate income tax, personal income tax, and sales tax bases to calculate the marginal cost of public funds (MCF) for these taxes. The results indicate that the cost of increasing provincial tax revenues through a corporate tax rate increase is very high, and in some provinces, corporate tax rate reductions in 2006 would have increased the present value of the provincial government’s total tax revenues. The results also suggest that significant welfare gains would accrue from reducing provincial corporate income tax rates. As well, increasing provincial corporate and personal income tax rates can cause significant reductions in federal tax revenues because the federal and provincial governments levy taxes on the same tax bases. Finally, Canada’s system of the equalization grants might reduce the perceived MCF of recipient provinces.Fiscal and Tax Competitiveness, marginal cost of public funds (MCF)
Aboriginal Education in Quebec: A Benchmarking Exercise
No full textQuebec’s Aboriginal poverty is severe, and the large gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal education levels is the most important factor in explaining it. In the report, the author examines the relationship between education levels and employment for Quebec Aboriginals. Comparing outcomes within the province’s Aboriginal identity groups to results for other Quebecers, and for Canadians overall, Richards finds that the province’s Aboriginal education outcomes rank below the Canadian average, which itself is disturbingly low. Richards makes six broad recommendations to address the crisis in Aboriginal education – in Quebec and the rest of Canada.The Education Papers, Canada, Quebec, Aboriginals, education, employment
Go Big or Go Home: Priorities for the Canada-EU Economic and Trade Agreement
No full textA comprehensive economic and trade agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union (EU) is both desirable and possible. For Canada, an agreement with the EU is a strategic opportunity to significantly diversify the market for its high-value-added goods, services and skills, to increase the attractiveness of its economy for investors, and to make a statement that it is ready to engage with other important trade partners on reducing barriers to mutually beneficial trade and investment. This is important in light of both the failure of the Doha round of WTO talks and the existence of other important trade negotiations undertaken by Canada’s key trade partners.International Economic Policy, comprehensive economic and trade agreement (CETA), Canada, European Union (EU)
Holding Canada's Cities to Account: an Assessment of Municipal Fiscal Management
No full textCities are the most visible level of government for most Canadians, providing services such as waste collection, policing and transit. Yet their budgets are the most opaque of any level of government. Municipalities generally use accounting in their budgets that does not match what they use in their financial reports. Peering through the messy numbers reveals that most cities routinely miss budget targets by large amounts. Councillors and taxpayers who seek to hold these municipal governments to account face a daunting task. Amid the mixed record, however, are some municipalities with clearer numbers and better records for spending control. That fact, along with improvements that have occurred at the federal and provincial levels in recent years, shows that progress is possible. The authors suggest five basic reforms would create clearer, more consistent budgets and would bring the financial management of Canada’s municipalities into line with their fiscal impact and their importance in Canadians’ lives.Fiscal & Tax Competitiveness, Governance and Public Institutions, Urban Issues Series, Canadian municipalities, fiscal management, municipal budgets
- …
