1,720,964 research outputs found
Effects of long-term grazing intensity on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil carbon fluxes in a steppe ecosystem
Full text linkArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are keystone symbiotic root-associated soil biota that play a major role in maintaining plant biodiversity, productivity and enhancing soil carbon storage in grasslands. Grasslands are currently experiencing increasing grazing pressures, but it is not clear yet whether and how grazing intensity by large herbivores drives AMF function and communities. Moreover, little is also known about the interactive effects of grazing intensity and environmental drivers on AMF communities, and on how these communities transfer carbon through the plant-soil system. The overall aims of this study were to assess the impacts of grazing intensity on AMF communities and their possible outcome on soil carbon storage. This thesis focuses on a typical steppe ecosystem, which is part of the temperate grassland zone of Inner Mongolia, China. These grasslands have been degraded to a large extent mainly because of increasing livestock grazing. This study was carried out within a long-term, farm-scale field experiment with seven levels of field-manipulated grazing intensities which had been maintained over 13 years within two topographies, flat and slope. In Chapter 2, I reviewed the current state of ... (continues
Grazing intensity is key to global grassland carbon sequestration potential
Full text linkGrasslands are coming under ever-increasing pressure worldwide. Many grasslands are degraded due to overgrazing and inappropriate land management. This is impacting belowground biology and soil biological processes. One aspect that deserves far greater attention is the intensity of grazing and how this impacts grassland soil ecosystems. Grazing intensity impacts soil organisms including their diversity and activity, and the soil carbon cycle. However, environmental characteristics determine in part the effects of grazing intensity on soil processes. In addition, many questions remain to be answered in relation to the type of livestock and grazing regime. Only with a fuller understanding of the impacts of grazing on the soil ecosystem will it be possible to advise farmers and land managers on optimal grazing choices for a sustainable future
Effects of wind erosion on soil organic carbon dynamics and other soil properties: Dejgah catchment, Farashband County, Shiraz Province, Iran
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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