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Systematic Data Integration—A Method for Combined Analyses of Field Notes and Interview Texts
No full textAccepted methods of analysis might be viewed as inadequate for analytical work on field notes and interview transcriptions when the aim is to analyze these as a complete body of material. The purpose of this article is to present a new method for systematic data integration in which the key component is the interweaving of observation data and interview data derived from sequences of interactive situations. The method has been developed in a study where groups of user representatives and professionals collaborated for some time on planning, implementing, and evaluating patient education programmes. The article briefly presents the study on which the method is based, after which the Systematic Data Integration method is introduced with examples from the study. The method entails analytical work on field notes and interview transcriptions, during which raw data and preliminary analysis results are integrated. It will be argued that interweaving the data clarifies the complementarity of the types of data and increases transparency for further theoretical analyses and interpretation. In addition, the interweaving contributes to ensuring quality in choosing quotations used to illustrate and emphasize the study’s findings.
The contribution of Research-based master's theses to knowledge building in nursing
No full textPurpose: The purpose was to investigate the topics and method applied in research-based master's theses in nursing science.
Methods: A total of 694 research-based master’s theses produced in a period of 30 years representing the entire period of a university programme in nursing science were examined. We used an explorative design with a deductive-inductive approach.
Results: The master’s theses covered a variety of topics, ranging from basic theoretical and methodological issues to topics in clinical research, education and leadership. Four main themes were addressed: patient studies, practice studies, nursing education, and nursing management and leadership. Qualitative methods using interviews and some observations were the preferred approach. For those who used quantitative methods, surveys and a few quasi-experiments were identified. Nurses’ responsibility for providing high-quality and safe care is a fundamental issue in nursing science. When great changes in health care alter the conditions for reaching this aim, we identified that master’s students want to investigate the consequences for patients and nursing care. The fact that few students addressed education and leadership is worrying. It might affect the quality of education. Furthermore, one may question how nurses can be visionary and take a leading role, which is stated to be important in the literature, in developing future health and nursing care.
Conclusions: Our study uncovered the importance of investigating research-based master’s theses because it provides a basis for reflection on topics that need to be emphasised in the future
Betydningen av pilotundersøkelse før validering av oversatte instrumenter
Get PDFSykepleiere har uttrykt behov for et instrument for vurdering og oppfølging av etterlevelse av helseråd for hjertesviktpasienter. I USA er det utviklet to spørreskjemaer som tar sikte på å vurdere etterlevelse av helseråd innenfor rammen av saltfattig mat og å ta medisiner som forordnet. Disse instrumentene ble oversatt til norsk. To pilotundersøkelser ble gjennomført med hensikt å sikre kulturell tilpasning av instrumentene og kartlegging av rekrutterings- og datasamlingsprosedyre. Kulturell tilpasning av instrumentene ble gjort gjennom et fokusgruppeintervju med fire pasienter. Kartlegging av ønskede prosedyrer for rekruttering av pasienter, og elementer i datasamlingsprosessen ble gjennomført med strukturerte intervju og åpne spørsmål med 16 pasienter. Fokusgruppeintervjuet resulterte i noen endringer i formuleringer. Det strukturerte intervjuet avdekket sentrale elementer: Under halvparten av informantene ville ha svart på et tilsendt spørreskjema. De ville heller bli intervjuet enn å fylle ut svarene selv. Et entydig funn var at de ikke ville delta om det dreide seg om forpliktelser til flere undersøkelser eller tester. Deltagelse måtte helst skje i forbindelse med et sammenfallende ærend på sykehusetPostprint version of published articl
Trajectories of physical and mental health among persons with morbid obesity and persons with COPD: A longitudinal comparative study
Get PDFBackground: Morbid obesity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prevalent diseases associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Research generally indicates that persons with morbid obesity increase their HRQoL following intervention, whereas evidence of increases in HRQoL in persons with COPD is mixed. Examining the patterns of change over time instead of merely examining whether HRQoL changes will add to the knowledge in this field.
Methods: A sample of persons with morbid obesity and persons with COPD was recruited from learning and mastery courses and rehabilitation centers in Norway. The data were collected by self-report questionnaires at the start of patient education and at four subsequent time points during the 1-year follow-up. HRQoL was measured with the Short Form 12, version 2, and repeated measures analysis of variance was employed in the statistical analysis.
Results: Participants with morbid obesity linearly increased their physical HRQoL during the 1-year follow-up, whereas participants with COPD showed no change. None of the groups changed their mental HRQoL during follow-up. In all subdomains of HRQoL, the participants with morbid obesity showed favorable, linearly increasing trajectories across the follow-up period. Among the participants with COPD, no change patterns occurred in the subdomains of HRQoL, except for a fluctuating pattern in the mental health domain. Age, sex, and work status did not influence the trajectories of HRQoL in any of the domains.
Conclusion: A more favorable trajectory of HRQoL was found for persons with morbid obesity than for persons with COPD, possibly due to the obese persons' better chances of recovery
Betydningen av pilotundersøkelse før validering av oversatte instrumenter
No full textSykepleiere har uttrykt behov for et instrument for vurdering og oppfølging av etterlevelse av helseråd for hjertesviktpasienter. I USA er det utviklet to spørreskjemaer som tar sikte på å vurdere etterlevelse av helseråd innenfor rammen av saltfattig mat og å ta medisiner som forordnet. Disse instrumentene ble oversatt til norsk. To pilotundersøkelser ble gjennomført med hensikt å sikre kulturell tilpasning av instrumentene og kartlegging av rekrutterings- og datasamlingsprosedyre. Kulturell tilpasning av instrumentene ble gjort gjennom et fokusgruppeintervju med fire pasienter. Kartlegging av ønskede prosedyrer for rekruttering av pasienter, og elementer i datasamlingsprosessen ble gjennomført med strukturerte intervju og åpne spørsmål med 16 pasienter. Fokusgruppeintervjuet resulterte i noen endringer i formuleringer. Det strukturerte intervjuet avdekket sentrale elementer: Under halvparten av informantene ville ha svart på et tilsendt spørreskjema. De ville heller bli intervjuet enn å fylle ut svarene selv. Et entydig funn var at de ikke ville delta om det dreide seg om forpliktelser til flere undersøkelser eller tester. Deltagelse måtte helst skje i forbindelse med et sammenfallende ærend på sykehuse
Factors associated with self-esteem in persons with morbid obesity and in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFLiving with chronic illnesses can be stressful and may negatively impact persons’ self-esteem. Personal factors, like self-efficacy and illness perceptions, and also factors related to the environment, activity, and participation may be associated with self-esteem in chronic illness populations. This cross-sectional comparative study explored sociodemographic variables, work, physical activity, illness perceptions, and general self-efficacy in relation to self-esteem in persons with morbid obesity and in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study had a cross-sectional design. A total of 223 eligible participants were recruited from patient education courses, and data were collected at baseline. Self-esteem was measured with The Rosenberg self-esteem scale; the general self-efficacy scale was used to measure self-efficacy, and brief illness perception questionnaire was also used. This is an instrument assessing cognitions about the illness and emotional responses towards it. Multivariate linear regression was used in the statistical analyses. In obese participants (n = 134), higher self-esteem was associated with lower emotional response, a shorter timeline, and higher general self-efficacy. In COPD participants (n = 89), higher self-esteem was associated with higher general self-efficacy. The independent variables accounted for 42.9% (morbid obesity) and 49.4% (COPD) of the self-esteem variance. In participants in both illness groups, higher self-efficacy was associated with increased self-esteem. A shorter timeline and lower emotional response to illness was related to higher self-esteem only for the obese participants. The results indicate that believing in one’s capacity to cope with everyday challenges is important for self-esteem in persons with morbid obesity and in persons with COPD, whereas illness perceptions related to the duration of illness and the coping with emotions also is important for self-esteem in persons with morbid obesity
Interference of Postoperative Pain on Women's daily Life after Early Discharge from Cardiac Surgery
Get PDFWomen report more postoperative pain and problems performing domestic activities than men in the first month of recovery after cardiac surgery. The purpose of this article is to describe how women rate and describe pain interference with daily life after early discharge from cardiac surgery. A qualitative study was conducted in 2004-2005 with ten women recruited from a large Norwegian university hospital before discharge from their first elective cardiac surgery. Various aspects of the women's postoperative experiences were collected with qualitative interviews in the women's homes 8-14 days after discharge: a self-developed pain diary measuring pain intensity, types and amount of pain medication taken every day after returning home from hospital; and the Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form immediately before the interview. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify recurring themes from the interviews. Data from the questionnaires provided more nuances to the experiences of pain, pain management, and interference of postoperative pain. Postoperative pain interfered most with sleep, general activity, and the ability to perform housework during the first 2 weeks after discharge. Despite being advised at the hospital to take pain medication regularly, few women consumed the maximum amount of analgesics. Early hospital discharge after open cardiac surgery implies increased patient participation in pain management. Women undergoing this surgery need more information in hospital on why postoperative pain management beyond simple pain relief is important
Morbid obese adults increased their sense of coherence one year after a patient education course
No full textBackground: Personal factors are key elements to understand peoples' health behavior. Studies of such factors are important to develop targeted interventions to improve health. The main purpose of this study is to explore sense of coherence (SOC) in a sample of persons with morbid obesity before and after attending a patient education course and to explore the association between SOC and sociodemographic and other personal factors.
Methods: In this longitudinal purposely sampled study, the participants completed questionnaires on the first day of the course and 12 months after course completion. Sixty-eight participants had valid scores on the selected variables at follow-up: SOC, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Relationships were assessed with correlation analyses and paired and independent samples t-tests and predictors with linear regression analyses.
Results: From baseline to follow-up, the total SOC score and the subdimension scores comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness all increased significantly. At both time points, the SOC scores were low compared to the general population but similar to scores in other chronically ill. At baseline, a multivariate analysis showed that older age, having paid work, and higher self-esteem were directly related to higher total SOC score after controlling for other sociodemographic factors and the participants' level of self-efficacy. Multivariate analyses of the relationship between baseline predictors of SOC at 12-month follow-up, controlling for baseline SOC scores or sociodemographic or personal factors, revealed that none of these variables independently predicted SOC scores at follow-up.
Conclusion: The total SOC score and its subdimensions increased significantly at follow-up. SOC may be a useful outcome measure for lifestyle interventions in people with morbid obesity and possibly other health care problems. Subdimension scores may give an indication of what is poorly developed and needs strengthening. This might guide choices for targeted cognitive and psychosocial interventions. Further studies are needed to explore this issue with larger samples
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