1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pain and sickness absence among young and early midlife Finnish municipal employees
No full textPain conditions are prevalent in the working-age population and form a
socioeconomically unequally distributed public health burden. The impact of
pain extends beyond the suffering of both individuals and their families,
affecting workplaces, occupational health services, and society at large
through increased absenteeism, decreased productivity, and by placing a
financial burden on healthcare and social systems. Musculoskeletal disorders
and mental health conditions, both linked to chronic pain, are the most
common causes of long-term sickness absence. Previous Finnish research has
suggested that over 30 per cent of all long-term sickness absence spells that
exceed two weeks among employees aged over 40 are due to pain-related
conditions. Long-term sickness absence is of particular concern among young
and early midlife employees, as it may indicate an elevated risk of early
disability retirement or an ultimately premature, permanent exit from the
workforce. The prevalence of pain conditions among young and early midlife
Finnish employees, and the association between these conditions and sickness
absence is poorly understood.
This dissertation study focused on young and early midlife
Finnish employees and aimed to 1) examine the prevalence of pain in general,
chronic pain, and disability due to chronic pain across different indicators of
socioeconomic position throughout the life course, 2) explore the interplay
between pain and mental health in relation to the risk of sickness absence, and
3) identify patterns in the long-term sickness absence of employees suffering
pain, and pain- and occupation-related factors and lifestyle factors associated
with these patterns.
The survey data on employees’ characteristics originated from the
Helsinki Health Study. The study included 4683 employees of the City of
Helsinki aged 19–39 at the beginning of the study in 2017. The survey data
comprised self-reported information on perceived pain, its duration and
location, disability due to chronic pain, sociodemographic and socioeconomic
factors, physical and mental work demands, lifestyle factors, and mental
health status. Longitudinal data on the sickness absence of employees who had
consented to the linkage of their register and questionnaire data were collected
from the City of Helsinki and The Social Insurance Institution of Finland one
year after the questionnaire was returned (Substudy II) and from The Social
Insurance Institution of Finland during the period 1 January 2018 to 31 March
2020 (Substudy III). The main statistical methods used were multinomial
logistic regression analysis and group-based trajectory modelling.
Of all the 4683 participants, 42.4 per cent reported current pain,
and 19.7 per cent reported chronic (≥3 months) pain. Of the 3911 employees
in Substudy II, 28.1 per cent reported multisite (≥2 body sites) pain. The
dissertation study showed a socioeconomic gradient in the prevalence of
chronic pain and disability due to chronic pain. A disadvantaged childhood
socioeconomic position and poorer current socioeconomic circumstances,
such as lower education level, manual work and perceived financial strain,
were associated with chronic pain and a higher degree of chronic pain-related
disability. Experiencing chronic pain or multisite pain was associated with
subsequent sickness absence for one day or longer. Chronic and multisite pain
were associated with long-term sickness absence (>10 working days), but
when stratified by mental health, this association remained significant only in
the group with concurrent poorer mental health when employees who did not
report pain and had better mental health were the reference group. Women
with multisite pain were at a higher risk of future sickness absence than men.
The study identified three distinct patterns of long-term sickness absence
during the 27-month follow-up among the employees who reported pain: none
(74%), decreasing (18%) and increasing (8%). Chronic and multisite pain,
obesity, smoking, manual work, and high physical workload were linked to a
decreasing sickness absence trajectory, in which sickness absence was initially
high but improved over time.
This study indicates that chronic and multisite pain are common elements
in the professional lives of young and early midlife employees, and helping the
younger workforce cope with chronic and multisite pain is essential to avert
extended sickness absence spells. Strategies should focus on both broadly
preventing pain among young and early midlife workers and minimizing the
unnecessary socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of chronic pain.
Multidisciplinary measures targeting lifestyle and work-related factors and
supporting mental health should be at the heart of initiatives aiming to
promote the work ability of young and early midlife employees who experience
chronic or multisite pain and who are expected to remain occupationally active
for many more decades.Kipu on merkittävä kansanterveysongelma ja yleinen oire työikäisessä
väestössä. Kipu ei kosketa vain yksilöä ja hänen läheisiään, vaan sen
vaikutukset näkyvät myös työpaikoilla sekä yhteiskunnassa
sairauspoissaoloina, tuottavuuden laskuna ja sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon
kustannuksina. Pitkien sairauspoissaolojen tavallisimmat syyt, tuki- ja
liikuntaelinsairaudet ja mielenterveyden sairaudet, ovat myös yhteydessä
krooniseen kipuun. Suomalaistutkimuksessa on osoitettu, että yli 30 %
kaikista yli kahden viikon pituisista sairauspoissaoloista yli 40-vuotiailla
työntekijöillä aiheutuu kivusta. Pitkittyneet sairauspoissaolot nuorilla ja
varhaiskeski-ikäisillä työntekijöillä ovat erityisen huolestuttavia, koska pitkät
sairauspoissaolot ovat yhteydessä työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle siirtymiseen ja
ennenaikaiseen työelämästä poistumiseen. Kivun esiintyvyydestä nuorilla ja
varhaiskeski-ikäisillä suomalaisilla työntekijöillä on kuitenkin vain vähän
tietoa.
Tämä tutkimus keskittyi nuoriin ja varhaiskeski-ikäisiin
työntekijöihin ja sen tavoitteena oli 1) tutkia kivun ja krooniseen kipuun
liittyvän haitan esiintyvyyttä elämänkulun aikaisten sosioekonomisten
tekijöiden valossa, 2) tutkia kivun ja mielenterveyden yhteisvaikutusta
sairauspoissaoloihin ja 3) tunnistaa pitkien sairauspoissaolojen erilaisia
kehityspolkuja niillä työntekijöillä, jotka raportoivat kipua, ja selvittää miten
erilaiset kipuun, elintapoihin ja työhön liittyvät tekijät ovat yhteydessä
kehityspoluille kuulumiseen.
Väitöskirjatutkimukseen käytettiin kyselytietoa kerättyä osana
Helsinki Health Study -tutkimusta 4683 Helsingin kaupungin työntekijältä,
jotka lähtötilanteessa vuonna 2017 olivat 19–39-vuotiaita. Kyselylomakkeella
kerättiin tietoa kivun esiintyvyydestä, kivun kestosta, siitä missä kipu esiintyy,
krooniseen kipuun liittyvästä haitasta, sosiodemografisista ja
sosioekonomisista tekijöistä, fyysisestä ja psyykkisestä työkuormituksesta,
elintavoista ja psyykkisestä terveydestä. Kyselyvastaukset yhdistettiin
Helsingin kaupungin ja Kelan sairauspoissaolorekisteritietoihin, mikäli
vastaaja oli antanut kirjallisen suostumuksen tietojen yhdistämiseen.
Seuranta-aika oli vuosi kyselyn palauttamisesta osatyössä II ja 1.1.2018–
31.3.2020 osatyössä III. Pääasiallisina tilastollisina menetelminä käytettiin
multinomiaalista logistista regressioanalyysiä ja kehityspolkuanalyysiä.
Kaikista 4683 työntekijöistä, 42,4 % raportoi kipua ja 19,7 % raportoi
kroonista (≥ 3 kuukautta) kipua. Osatyön (II):n 3911 työntekijästä 28,1 %
raportoi monipaikkaista (≥2 paikkaa) kipua. Kroonisessa kivussa ja kroonisen
kivun haittaavuudessa oli sosioekonomisia eroja tarkasteltaessa sekä
lapsuuden että aikuisuuden sosioekonomista asemaa. Epäsuotuisat lapsuuden
ja aikuisuuden sosioekonomiset olosuhteet, kuten matala koulutustaso,
ruumiillinen työ ja koetut taloudelliset vaikeudet olivat vahvimmin yhteydessä
haittaavaan krooniseen kipuun. Krooninen kipu ja monipaikkainen kipu olivat
yhteydessä pitkiin sairauspoissaoloihin (> 10 työpäivää), mutta kun
stratifioitiin mielenterveydellä, yhteys pysyi vain niillä työntekijöillä, joilla oli
samanaikainen heikompi mielenterveys verrattuna kivuttomiin
työntekijöihin, joilla oli parempi mielenterveys. Naisilla, joilla oli krooninen
tai monipaikkainen kipu, oli miehiä suurempi todennäköisyys
sairauspoissaoloihin. Tutkimuksessa tunnistettiin kolme
pitkäaikaissairauspoissaolojen kehityspolkuja: ei yhtään pitkiä
sairauspoissaoloja (74 %), vähenevät sairauspoissaolot (18 %) ja lisääntyvät
sairauspoissaolot (8 %). Niillä työntekijöillä, jotka raportoivat kroonista kipua
tai monipaikkaista kipua, lihavuutta, tupakointia, ruumiillista työtä ja
raskasta fyysistä työkuormitusta, oli suurempi todennäköisyys kuulua
kehityspolkuun, jossa oli seurannan alussa enemmän pitkiä
sairauspoissaoloja, jotka vähenivät seurannan aikana.
Tutkimuksen tulokset korostavat, että kipu on yleistä nuorilla ja
varhaiskeski-ikäisillä työntekijöillä ja että on tärkeää tukea nuorempia
työntekijöitä, jotka kokevat kipua, jotta voidaan ennaltaehkäistä pitkien
sairauspoissaolojen tarvetta. Toimia pitää kohdistaa sekä kivun
ennaltaehkäisyyn nuorilla ja varhaiskeski-ikäisillä työntekijöillä että
minimoida ehkäistävissä olevat sosioekonomiset erot kroonisessa kivussa.
Elintapoihin, työoloihin sekä mielenterveyden tukemiseen liittyvien toimien
tulee olla keskiössä, kun pyritään tukemaan työkykyä nuorilla ja varhaiskeski-ikäisillä työntekijöillä, joilla on krooninen tai monipaikkainen kipu ja joilla odotetaan olevan edessään pitkä työura.ei saavutettav
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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