129 research outputs found
The Rise of International Capital [electronic resource] : Indonesian Conglomerates in ASEAN /
No full textThis book analyzes the social forces and political coalitions driving regional integration projects in Asia with a focus on ASEAN and Indonesian conglomerates. It asks which social forces within the domestic political economy of Asian states are driving governments to seek regional arrangements for economic governance. In particular, the book considers how the emergence, reorganization, and expansion of capitalist class have conditioned political support for regional economic integration. By addressing these issues, the book emphasizes that the wellspring of regional economic institution projects stem from the process of capitalist development and the social forces it has unleashed. The book’s aims place the social and class relations that underpin regional projects—rather than the institutions which result from them—at the centre of the analysis of regional integration. The research for this account draws mainly on primary documents from archival and field research conducted by the author, including company documents and in-depth interviews, government reports and policies, and trade publications and data sources, which is supplemented with secondary sources where relevant. Faris Al-Fadhat is a Lecturer at the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia and an associate at the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, Australia.1. Introduction -- 2. Existing Approaches to Economic Regionalism and Their Limitations -- 3. Regional Economic Governance and the Internationalization of Capital -- 4. State Restructuring and the Internationalization of Capital in Southeast Asia -- 5. ASEAN Regional Economic Integration and the Internationalization of Capital -- 6. The Rise of Indonesian Conglomerates: Capital Expansion and Regional Alliance -- 7. The Salim Group and the Social Relations of Capital Expansion -- 8. Conclusion.This book analyzes the social forces and political coalitions driving regional integration projects in Asia with a focus on ASEAN and Indonesian conglomerates. It asks which social forces within the domestic political economy of Asian states are driving governments to seek regional arrangements for economic governance. In particular, the book considers how the emergence, reorganization, and expansion of capitalist class have conditioned political support for regional economic integration. By addressing these issues, the book emphasizes that the wellspring of regional economic institution projects stem from the process of capitalist development and the social forces it has unleashed. The book’s aims place the social and class relations that underpin regional projects—rather than the institutions which result from them—at the centre of the analysis of regional integration. The research for this account draws mainly on primary documents from archival and field research conducted by the author, including company documents and in-depth interviews, government reports and policies, and trade publications and data sources, which is supplemented with secondary sources where relevant. Faris Al-Fadhat is a Lecturer at the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia and an associate at the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, Australia
The rise of internationalized capital: ASEAN economic governance and Indonesian conglomerates
No full textSince the end of the Cold War, the forms, instruments and mechanisms of regional economic institution in many parts of the globe have increasingly become a matter of scholarly debate. The prominent accounts emerging from International Relations (IR) theory draw attention to the functional process of such regional project. The problem with this perspective lies in the static notion of the state that separates it from the underlying processes of social forces and political coalitions. The political economy literature, on the contrary, with its focus on domestic politics places more analytical weight on the capitalist class and its position/s with respect to regional governance. Yet, even this literature is limited by its focus on the role of ‘national capital’. This obscures the role of internationalization process in constituting transnational or regionalized capitalist interests and forces.
In contrast, this thesis develops a new social and class relations approach for explaining the structure and the possible trajectories of regional economic governance. Through the case study of economic integration project of ASEAN, this thesis is concerned with analysing the social forces and political coalitions driving regional integration projects of Asian states. It asks which social forces, within the domestic political economy of Asian states, are driving governments to seek regional arrangements for economic governance. In particular the thesis asks how the emergence, reorganization, and expansion of capitalist class have conditioned political support for regional economic integration. By addressing these issues, this study emphasizes that the wellspring of regional economic institution projects stem from transformations in the nature, spaces, and forms of capital accumulation and the social forces it has unleashed.
This thesis argues that regional economic governance has been shaped as part of, and systematically affected by, the broader context of the internationalization of capital, where the profit-making activities operate beyond territorial boundaries. In this sense, such project has crucially provided foundations for the vast expansion of capital across the region; specifically through regionalization of trade flows, production networks, and capital investment. It is noteworthy that the most internationalized fraction of capitalist has become the motor-force of this process, notably through its alliance with state apparatuses and other social and political forces which manifests in the form of economic policies that support the projects of regional integration. The key insight of this study is to bring the role of capital back into the analysis of regional trade governance
The Internationalisation of Capital and the Transformation of Statehood in Southeast Asia
No full text
Debt-Trap Diplomacy: Bagaimana Ekspansi Kapital China Membentuk Jebakan Utang Bagi Negara-Negara Afrika
Full text linkSejak skema pendanaan Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) diinisiasi pada tahun 2013, pemerintah China di bawah kepemimpinan Xi Jinping terus melakukan ekspansi kapital ke berbagai negara. Ekspansi ini merupakan bagian dari strategi China untuk menopang posisinya sebagai kekuatan ekonomi dan politik global vis a vis Amerika Serikat. Setidaknya hampir 70 negara telah bergabung ke dalam jaringan pendanaan BRI. Skema kerjasama ekonomi ini ikut mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi sekaligus membantu menutupi gap infrastruktur. Namun demikian, tidak semua negara menikmati pembangunan yang seimbang dalam kerjasama ekonomi dengan China. Sebagian mengalami ketergantungan dan bahkan terjebak ke dalam hutang seperti kasus negara-negara di kawasan Afrika. Artikel ini ingin menjawab pertanyaan mengapa skema kerjasama tersebut berubah menjadi jebakan hutang bagi negara-negara di kawasan Afrika. Mengembangkan konsep Structural Power dalam meneliti hubungan investasi China dengan tiga negara di kawasan yaitu Zimbabwe, Kamerun, dan Djibouti, artikel ini berargumen bahwa jebakan hutang terjadi karena disparitas struktur hubungan antara China sebagai negara pemberi dana dengan negara di kawasan sebagai penerima investasi. China, dalam hal ini, memiliki aspek “good” yang lebih dominan, sementara negara-negara Afrika lebih banyak pada “need”. Artikel ini juga menilai bahwa jebakan hutang merupakan strategi yang dilakukan China untuk menguasai ekonomi di kawasan Afrika
Breaking the news: a case study on nineteenth century journalism and Selim Faris
No full textThe nineteenth-century news market offered benefits beyond sales incomes to opportunists functioning in local and global news markets. The owners of newspapers could come to terms with governments to publish in their favour. They could exploit political tensions among the Great Powers to manipulate governments into making agreements with them. They also utilized their influence upon groups of people to extract money from governments. The manipulation of news for personal gain is here investigated through the case of Selim Faris, journalist, son of author Ahmad Faris, manager of Al-Jawaib (1870-1884), owner of Hurriyet (1894-1897) and Khilafat-Hilafet, and author of The Decline of English Prestige in the East
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