1,720,961 research outputs found
Stroop effects from 3 to 10 years: the critical role of reading acquisition.
No full textWe studied 241 nursery and primary school 3- to 10-year old children with a discrete-trial version of the Stroop Test, including both a Color-Naming and (for the 6- to 10-year olds only) a Word-Reading task. The classic Stroop effect was present across all the ages, with an inverted U-shaped pattern: increasing from 3- to 7-year olds, then decreasing. Preschool children who were able to read showed a Stroop effect larger than same-age, unable to read children. The reverse Stroop effect was present across all the studied ages but the 6-year-olds, who instead displayed some facilitation in reading congruent vs. black words. Since the acquisition of reading skills turned out to be crucial for the Stroop effects, the present research may be useful to study developmental reading impairments by providing normative data
Surgical treatment of acoustic neuroma: Outcomes and indications
No full textAim Surgery for acoustic neuroma has developed over the years with a gradual improvement in outcome. The goal of surgery should be cure of the disease and a low morbidity, preserving facial nerve function – and hearing, too, whenever feasible (i.e. in small tumors). The most appropriate approach must be decided case by case. Background Results of microsurgery remain heterogeneous, however, probably due to the different amount of experience gained at different centers. Materials and Methods Surgical series reported in the recent literature (2012–2015) were critically reviewed, along with some older papers with particularly representative series. Results and conclusion Considering patients’ age, surgical morbidity of different approaches, tumor size and hearing, some principles can be identified on which to base surgical indications with a view to achieving the goals of curing the disease with a low morbidity, preserving facial nerve function and hearing, too, whenever feasible (i.e. in patients with small tumors). Different therapeutic approaches are discussed
Sporadic acoustic neuroma
No full textPurpose: To date, early diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma is becoming more and more frequent. This involves an increasing number of small tumors with good hearing. Hearing preservation is thus becoming the goal of each therapy of small acoustic neuroma. The aim of this review was to analyze the treatment options for sporadic vestibular schwannoma (observation, radiotherapy, surgery), in terms of long-term cure for the disease with minimal morbidity, in order to ascertain which treatment option offers the best function preservation rates, especially in terms of hearing. Method: Seven hundred and fifty recently published representative case series treated with various options, focusing on hearing preservation, were identified in the PubMed database, and then screened based on parameters preliminarily established. Results: From a critical analysis of the results, some critical issues emerged. As to begin, a proper comparison of hearing outcomes among the various options is impossible. Observation and radiotherapy seem to offer good short-term results, but most studies revealed a significant bias due to the lack of long-term follow up data. As for surgery, the results varied considerably due to differences in surgeons’ expertise, patient selection criteria, and other institutional factors. Conclusions: Hearing preservation, together with hearing rehabilitation in VS is the current most-debated topic in the therapy of sporadic VS. Thus, the need of long-term, high quality and homogenous data in order to analyze and compare the hearing functional outcome within the observation, radiotherapy, and surgery
Poor readers but compelled to read: stroop effects in developmental dyslexia
No full textWe studied a group of 24 children with dyslexia in second to fifth primary school grades by using a discrete-trial computerized version of the Stroop Color-Word Test. Since the classic Stroop effect depends on the interference of reading with color naming, one would expect these children to show no interference or, at least, less interference than normal readers. Children with dyslexia showed, however, a Stroop effect larger than normal readers of the same age. This suggests that reading, although difficult and slow, is an inescapable step that precedes naming both in poor and in normal readers
Hearing preservation and growth of small vestibular schwannomas: preliminary outcomes from patients under observation
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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