714 research outputs found
Financial Accounting - Text & Cases
No full textThe book has been written for those who intend to approach the study of financial accounting and it is divided in eight parts: setting up of a business, double entry bookkeeping system and case study, cash flow analysis, cash flow statements and case study, ratio analysis, comprehensive analysis. Even if all parts of the book were revised and written by both authors, Prof. Francesco Manni has mainly focused on the first four parts, whereas Dr. Alessio Faccia on last four parts
Analisi dei dati RICA finalizzati all'approfondimento del tema della gestione del rischio in agricoltura. Misurazione delle performance finanziarie e patrimoniali delle aziende agrarie e relativa definizione di un modello di rating
No full textIl presente elaborato ha condotto alla determinazione di un algoritmo (quoziente
ponderato) di rating per valutare il merito creditizio delle aziende agrarie basato su
un’unica fonte informativa: l’archivio RICA. Tale fonte è stata scelta per i seguenti
motivi:
semplicità di utilizzo;
attendibilità dei dati ivi contenuti;
significativa profondità di data set disponibile (6 anni di dati).
Le variabili impiegate nei calcoli dell’algoritmo di rating proposto presentano alcune
sostanziali differenze rispetto alle due metodologie utilizzate nei precedenti analoghi
studi in ambito agricolo (Moody’s per ISMEA e EM Score di Altman).
Il quoziente ponderato determinato risulta così composto:
Q = (15% * A) + (30% * B) + (25% * C) + (30% * D)
dove:
A: Sup_TOT.
B: Cap_FOND_TOT / Sup_TOT.
C: Inv_FOND_NEW / Cap_FOND_TOT.
D: Cap_ESE_PROP / Sup_TOT.
Il quoziente può variare tra un minimo di 0,75 e un massimo di 3.
Le Probabilità di Default associate alle diverse classi di rating, sono riportate nella
tabella che segue. Le evidenze empiriche di carattere discreto hanno rilevato uno andamento “a
campana”, ove la curva gaussiana è raffigurabile nelle frequenze di aziende
concentrate principalmente nei valori centrali.
Il modello di rating evidenziato è contraddistinto dall’utilizzo esclusivo di variabili
quantitative in quanto sono le uniche che incorporano le seguenti caratteristiche:
oggettività di misurazione,
presenza nell’archivio RICA,
espressive di solidità, opportunità di sviluppo e potenzialità intrinseche del
sistema aziendale.
Piuttosto che focalizzare l’attenzione principalmente sui potenziali rischi che
potrebbero determinare un’insolvenza, pur senza prescindere dall’associazione di una
Probabilità di Default, ci si è proposto l’obiettivo di creare un sistema di calcolo
guidato da termini positivi, ossia di opportunità di sviluppo, potenzialità intrinseche
nel sistema aziendale, basate sulle risorse effettivamente disponibili. La valutazione
della creazione di opportunità di sviluppo e delle potenzialità intrinseche del sistema
aziendale, costituendo una evidente riduzione dei rischi di insolvenza, ha consentito
un’associazione prevalentemente indiretta dei range di Probabilità di Default a
ciascuna classe di rating
Mandatory ESG Reporting and XBRL Taxonomies Combination: ESG Ratings and Income Statement, a Sustainable Value-Added Disclosure
Full text linkCorporate financial statements address multiple stakeholders’ needs. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), among others, allow two different classifications, “by function of expense” and “by nature of expense”, for the statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income for the period (from now on, also identified in short as “Income Statement”, or “IS”). XBRL standards ensure compliance and consistency in financial statements’ drafting and filing. XBRL taxonomies reflect the Income Statement IFRS disclosure requirement in the {310000} and {320000} codifications, respectively. Given the recent EU enhanced regulations that proposed extend mandatory ESG reporting to SMEs, this study aims to design and recommend an additional Income Statement to embed structured Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure. A restatement of the IS is organised following an adjusted Value-Added perspective to fit the purpose of sustainability disclosure. The above-mentioned Income Statement should be suitable and adaptable for entities of any size and operating in any industry. This goal can be achieved through customised input weighting. Therefore, this applied research can fill a current financial ESG disclosure gap, ensuring financial statements’ comparability and encouraging additional mandatory disclosures through standardisation. Two more items in the XBRL (IFRS-based) structure are suggested, leading to the introduction of one fully structured statement “{330000}—Statement of comprehensive income, profit or loss, by Added Value, ESG based” and a semi-structured “{814000}—Notes—ESG Ratings and Reporting” to better discuss and disclose the assumptions and results of the ESG Statement
The Business Going Concern: Financial Return and Social Expectations
No full textThe present work aims to analyze the corporate social responsibility from a new perspective, observing the link between a progression of business and the distribution of risks between different expectations. The study of the relationships between uncertainty, risk and corporate persistence represents an opportunity to think about the rising concern of the companies, considering both the need for financial returns and human–environmental expectations. Starting from the study of economic–business culture, this paper deals with uncertainty and risk as distinct concepts, analyzing the meaning of “common risk”. Subsequently, the cornerstones of the economic order of the company are pointedly displayed, while also highlighting the relation to the request for sustainable human and environmental development. These areas of analysis are intertwined with the issues that arise from the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the search for coherent structured tools for fair disclosure. Social balance can be viewed as one of the principal mechanisms designed to improve the structured external information system. This is a formalized tool that is principally designed to focus our attention on the analysis concerning the production/distribution of value. These surveys allow finding the value system based on the ongoing progression of the company and, consequently, the distribution of risks between different expectations. The research was conducted by using an unstructured approach, classified as qualitative. The authors find out that the continued development of a business is undermined by the economic–financial sustainability of the human and environmental framework that characterize the production. The shortcomings of a big company turn into a crisis of a community and this calls into question the role that the Government intends to play in the human and environmental fields, also considering the constraints deriving from supranational agreements
Growth Effects of Remittance: A Case of Turkey Diaspora
Full text linkIn the age of globalization, remittances are an essential part of human life. This analysis's key objective is to examine the effect of remittances in developing economies like Turkey on economic development. The 1980 to 2020 time-series data used in this analysis which use numerous time series estimating techniques. Sending data is given by the Banks of Turkey and in a million dollars. Simultaneously, economic development or GDP data are provided by world economic indicator, the World Bank, and the new US dollar. The findings indicated that there are both short-term and long-term ties between transactions and economic development in Turkey. Therefore, results indicate that Turkey's transition flows positively affect Turkey's person and Turkey's macroeconomic scenario. The government should implement policies that allow Turkey in overseas countries to submit transmissions through official channels
Extended Audit Report: Enhancing Trust and Reputation in IT Processes and across E-business Industries
No full textA growing number of tech-oriented companies, carrying E-business activities, especially in the financial services sector, have been recently affected by accounting and corporate governance scandals. The introduction of the so-called Extended Audit Report (EAR), which, starting from 2013 has been gradually considered mandatory in developed countries, should provide a valid disclosure tool aimed at highlighting the risks associated with company processes. In this research, after carrying out a brief but systematic literature review, the emphasis is placed on the need to prepare a specific section of the audit report relating to the risks deriving from the use of new technologies, their impact on business activities, in particular for those companies whose core business consists of electronic activities (e-business). The role of auditing activities, in particular those relating to Information Technology, however, requires special skills that individual auditors are unfamiliar with. Not even the large auditing firms, the so-called Big Four, are often able to carry out an extensive and conscious analysis of IT processes. Professional figures such as those of IT Auditors are therefore particularly suitable to guarantee the compliance to the law, and the safety of the operations carried out by companies that make use of IT services. , We argue that companies operating in the E-business sector, should report (within the EAR) a separate section prepared by an expert, possibly holder of a CISA (Certified Information System Auditor) certification, issued by the most accredited international body: ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association)
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