1,720,954 research outputs found
The origins of neoliberalism in late ‘socialist’ Hungary: The case of the Financial Research Institute and ‘Turnabout and Reform’
Full text linkThis article contributes to ongoing debates in the transformatology literature, as well as the wider literature on the global neoliberal revolution, on the origins of neoliberalism in Soviet-style economies. Within these debates, the transition to a (free) market economy and liberal democracy in Hungary and elsewhere in the former Soviet bloc has commonly been perceived as an exogenous process, dating to the annus mirabilis of 1989. This article challenges this consensus. Through a case study of the Financial Research Institute (Pénzügykutatási Intézet), the official research institute of the Ministry of Finance, and a programme of radical economic reform, known as ‘Turnabout and Reform’ (Fordulat és Reform), published in 1987 by a group of experts at the institute, the article demonstrates that in the case of Hungary, neoliberalism was not simply an ‘imported project’, which arrived ‘from the West’ on the eve of the formal transition in 1989–1990. Rather, it is argued that it emerged organically in Hungarian society in the 1980s, as a response by domestic economic and political elites to the deepening crisis of the Kádár regime. Hence, the essential aim of the ‘neoliberal turn’ was to reconfigure the Hungarian economy in line with the exigencies of the capitalist world economy, while ensuring that the political transition went as smoothly as possible. As such, while obviously a repudiation of past policy, policymakers in Budapest pursued the similar objectives as central planners under ‘actually existing socialism’.Fil: Fabry, Balazs Adam. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin
The impact of the russian revolution in Europe: Karl Kautsky and Antonio Gramsci
Full text linkLa Revolución Rusa tuvo un inmediato impacto mundial, tanto por el ejemplo que supuso para procesos revolucionarios o de intensa movilización social desatados en el período subsiguiente en varios países de Europa (Finlandia, Alemania, Austria, Hungría, Italia, etc.) como por los grandes debates que suscitó en el socialismo internacional, ya que fue una de las principales causas del “gran cisma” (en palabras del historiador Carl Schorske) dentro de la II Internacional Socialista entre las organizaciones e individuos que se volcarían hacia la reconstrucción de la socialdemocracia y aquellos que apostarían a la construcción de la Internacional Comunista. El período inmediatamente posterior a la Revolución Rusa (1917-1920), hasta la consolidación de la Comintern en su II Congreso, fue un momento fluido de debate acerca de la caracterización de la Revolución Rusa y sus consecuencias políticas, teóricas y estratégicas. A través del análisis de las posiciones de Karl Kautsky y Antonio Gramsci —dos intelectuales de gran influencia teórica en el movimiento socialista internacional— pretendemos iluminar algunos aspectos principales del debate que provocó este proceso: el carácter de las fuerzas sociales involucradas, los 48 objetivos de la revolución, el rol de la democracia y la dictadura en el proceso de transición al socialismo y la aplicabilidad internacional del balance de la Revolución Rusa. El análisis se centra en fuentes primarias de cada autor, situando las posiciones de cada uno en el contexto de su relación con el socialismo de su país y los debates que lo atravesaban.The Russian Revolution had an immediate global impact, both as a model for revolutionary processes or intense social mobilizations in several European countries (e.g. Finland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy) and due to its influence on the great debates in the international socialist movement, which was reconfiguring itself, following the divisions of tendencies in the II International, towards a more permanent division —“a great schism” (in the words of historian Carl Schorske)— between organizations and individuals that would seek to reconstruct Social Democracy and those that would seek to build the Communist International. The period immediately after the Russian Revolution (1917-20) until the consolidation of the Comintern in its II Congress was a fluid moment of debates about the characterization of the Russian Revolution and its political, theoretical and strategic consequences. Through the analysis of the positions of Karl Kautsky and Antonio Gramsci —two intellectuals with great theoretical influence within the international socialist movement—, we seek to shed light on some of the main questions of the debate on these process: the character of the social forces involved; the objectives of the revolution; the role of democracy and dictatorship in the transition to socialism; and the international applicability of the Russian Revolution. The analysis draws on primary sources from each author, placing each of them in the context of their relationship with the socialist movement of their respective countries and the debates that went on within them.Fil: Quiroga, Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Fabry, Balazs Adam. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin
Producers and reproducers: An analysis of the role of women in the industrialization of socialist Hungary (1948-1956)
Full text linkIntroducción y Objetivos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo las políticas económicas promovidas por el estado húngaro “comunista” (o “socialista estatal”) entre 1948 y 1956 afectaron las condiciones de vida de las mujeres húngaras. Metodología. Mediante una lectura crítica que vincula el concepto de Marx de “acumulación originaria” con los aportes de la Teoría de la Reproducción Social (TRS) sobre el trabajo productivo/reproductivo veremos de qué manera la incorporación de las mujeres a la esfera del trabajo asalariado no solo generó la feminización de ciertos sectores industriales de bajos salarios, sino que también fue un elemento clave a través del cual el Estado húngaro intentó alcanzar los objetivos de su impulso de acumulación de capital. Resultados. Las estrictas limitaciones impuestas a los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres y la visión conservadora de los roles de género del estado-partido limitaron las posibilidades de la mayoría de las mujeres de “liberarse” de la carga de trabajo asociada con el trabajo doméstico y la maternidad. Conclusiones y discusión. En ese contexto, afirmamos que entre 1948 y 1956, las mujeres húngaras cumplieron una “triple función” como reemplazo inmediato de la fuerza laboral, además de ser sus productoras y reproductoras directas. Este artículo espera contribuir a la literatura sobre la historia del socialismo en el siglo XX en Europa del Este, así como a debates sobre la acumulación originaria y su relación con la opresión de las mujeres.Introduction and Objectives. The objective of this article is to analyse how the economic policies promoted by the Hungarian “communist” (or “state socialist”) state between 1948 and 1956 affected the living conditions of Hungarian women. Methodology. Combining a critical reading of Marx’s concept of “primitive accumulation” with the contributions of Social Reproduction Theory (SRT) on productive / reproductive work, we seek to demonstrate how the incorporation of women into the sphere of wage labour not only led to the feminization of certain low-wage industrial sectors, but was also a key element through which the Hungarian state attempted to achieve the objectives of its capital accumulation drive. Results. Strict limitations placed on women’s reproductive rights and the party-state’s conservative views of gender roles limited the possibilities for most women to “break free” from the workload associated with domestic work and motherhood. In this context, we argue that between 1948 and 1956, Hungarian women fulfilled a “triple function” as the immediate replacement for the labour force, in addition to being its direct producers and reproducers. Conclusions and discussion. This article hopes to contribute to the literature on the history of socialism in the 20th century in Eastern Europe, as well as academic debates on primitive accumulation and its relation to the oppression of women.Fil: Luparello, Velia Sabrina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Fabry, Balazs Adam. Universidad Nacional de Chilecito; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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