44 research outputs found
A crítica moral e a articulação política do mérito na teoria da justiça de John Rawls
No full textOrientadora: Profa. Dra. Cristina Foroni ConsaniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Defesa : Curitiba, 30/07/2021Inclui referênciasResumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é realizar uma análise da obra de John Rawls tendo como chave de leitura a noção de mérito. Se em uma primeira aproximação da teoria tem-se a impressão de que há uma forte rejeição do mérito como um critério de justiça, uma leitura mais aprofundada parece mostrar que a crítica de Rawls não o exclui de maneira absoluta. O autor rejeita o mérito moral como um princípio de justiça, mas não nega o valor dos talentos e esforços dos indivíduos na busca pela realização de seus objetivos pessoais, o que dá margem a alguma ideia de mérito em sua teoria. Unindo a rejeição do mérito como critério de distribuição com a valorização do mérito como uma forma de incentivar os talentos, Rawls dá coesão a sua concepção de sociedade como um sistema de cooperação, distribuindo o resultado dos talentos entre as pessoas e dando especial atenção aos menos privilegiados. Dessa forma o autor acaba por institucionalizar a solidariedade. Será defendida a ideia de que, ao mesmo tempo em que elabora uma crítica do ponto de vista moral ao mérito, Rawls o articula em um sentido político criando uma espécie de mérito solidário.Abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to carry out an analysis of John Rawls's work having the notion of merit as a key concept. If in a first approximation, the impression that there is a strong rejection of merit as a criterion of justice in the theory stands out. Nevertheless, further reading seems to show that Rawls' criticism does not exclude merit in absolute terms. The author rejects moral desert as a principle of justice, but does not deny the value of the talents and efforts of individuals in the pursuit of their personal goals, which gives rise to some idea of merit in his theory. Combining the rejection of merit as a distribution criterion with the valorization of merit as a way to encourage talents, Rawls gives cohesion to his conception of society as a system of cooperation, distributing the result of talents among people and paying special attention to the least well off. Thus, the author ends up institutionalizing solidarity. The idea is to defended that, at the same time that he elaborates a critique from the moral point of view to merit, Rawls articulates it in a political sense creating a kind of solidary merit
Impact of Preoperative Three-Dimensional Endoanal Ultrasound on the Surgical Outcome of Primary Fistula in Ano. A Multi-Center Observational Study of 253 Patients
No full textPurpose: To evaluate the impact of preoperative three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) on the clinical outcome of anal fistula surgery.Methods: The research consisted of multi-center retrospective case-control study including 253 consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for confirmed or suspected primary fistula in ano who had undergone preoperative 3D-EAUS evaluation between January 2011 and January 2021. Main outcome measures were the concordance (K value) between ultrasound results and surgery in the identification of fistulas internal openings, primary tracts and secondary extensions and the 6 and 12 months success rate in patients with concordant and discordant findings.Results: A good agreement in the identification of the main fistulas characteristics between ultrasound results and operative findings was found. A significant difference (P < .0001; Fisher's exact test) in the success rate was found between patients with concordant and discordant ultrasound results and operative findings in identification or location of internal opening. Particularly, all the 11 (4.8%) patients with discordant results experimented a failure of the surgical procedure at 6 months follow-up. At re-operation, the shift from discordant to concordant results was associated with an 81.8% 12 months success-rate.Conclusion; The three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound preoperative evaluation may have a relevant impact on the outcome of a defined group of patients undergoing surgery for anal fistula, since the careful evaluation of ultrasound results could simplify the internal orifice intra-operative detection and improve the success rate
John Rawls e a democracia : forma e ethos democráticos na justiça como equidade
No full textOrientadora: Profa. Dra. Cristina Foroni ConsaniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Defesa : Curitiba, 20/032023Inclui referências: p. 132-138Resumo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho é estudar o pensamento do filósofo estadunidense John Rawls relativamente à democracia, tema sobre o qual ele não se debruçou direta e especificamente, mas que se apresenta em seus textos de maneira oblíqua. Para tal finalidade, inicialmente, autor e tema são apresentados de modo separado: aquele, através de uma breve síntese da sua teoria, a justiça como equidade; este, por meio da identificação de algumas de suas concepções. Em seguida, é introduzida a interpretação de Rawls enquanto um deliberativista, raciocínio seguido a partir da divisão entre forma e ethos democráticos - é esta cisão que permite, pois, identificar elementos caracterizadores desta concepção de democracia. Na forma repousam, sobretudo, as liberdades fundamentais (expressadas pelo primeiro princípio de justiça elaborado pelo filósofo), estudo que inclui não apenas quais seriam elas (que não se reduzem ao caráter político), mas também os regimes mencionados pelo autor. Também na forma democrática estão outros princípios, como o da participação e o da oposição leal. Por sua vez, o exame do ethos democrático da justiça como equidade implica estudar três conceitos fundamentais: cidadania democrática, razão pública e consenso sobreposto. A cidadania democrática é premissa para a compreensão dos outros dois. Razão pública e consenso sobreposto têm, ambos, um papel justificacional, devendo-se entender ainda o significado de cada um para um contexto deliberativista. Dessa forma, defende-se que há no pensamento de Rawls uma visão deliberativa de democracia.Abstract: The general objective of this work is to study the thought of the american philosopher John Rawls in relation to democracy, a theme on which he did not address directly and specifically, but which is presented obliquely in his texts. For this purpose, initially, author and theme are presented separately: the former, through a brief synthesis of his theory, justice as fairness; the latter, through the identification of some of its conceptions. Then, the interpretation of Rawls as a deliberativist is introduced, reasoning followed from the division between democratic form and ethos - it is this split that allows, therefore, to identify elements that characterize this conception of democracy. The form rests, above all, on the basic liberties (expressed by the first principle of justice elaborated by the philosopher), a study that includes not only what they would be (which cannot be reduced to a political character), but also the regimes mentioned by the author. Also in the democratic form are other principles, such as participation and loyal opposition. In turn, examining the democratic ethos of justice as fairness involves studying three fundamental concepts: democratic citizenship, public reason, and overlapping consensus. Democratic citizenship is the premise for understanding the other two. Public reason and overlapping consensus both have a justificational role, and the meaning of each one must still be understood in a deliberative context. Thus, it is argued that there is a deliberative vision of democracy in Rawls's thought
John Rawls e a democracia : forma e ethos democráticos na justiça como equidade
No full textOrientadora: Profa. Dra. Cristina Foroni ConsaniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Defesa : Curitiba, 20/032023Inclui referências: p. 132-138Resumo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho é estudar o pensamento do filósofo estadunidense John Rawls relativamente à democracia, tema sobre o qual ele não se debruçou direta e especificamente, mas que se apresenta em seus textos de maneira oblíqua. Para tal finalidade, inicialmente, autor e tema são apresentados de modo separado: aquele, através de uma breve síntese da sua teoria, a justiça como equidade; este, por meio da identificação de algumas de suas concepções. Em seguida, é introduzida a interpretação de Rawls enquanto um deliberativista, raciocínio seguido a partir da divisão entre forma e ethos democráticos - é esta cisão que permite, pois, identificar elementos caracterizadores desta concepção de democracia. Na forma repousam, sobretudo, as liberdades fundamentais (expressadas pelo primeiro princípio de justiça elaborado pelo filósofo), estudo que inclui não apenas quais seriam elas (que não se reduzem ao caráter político), mas também os regimes mencionados pelo autor. Também na forma democrática estão outros princípios, como o da participação e o da oposição leal. Por sua vez, o exame do ethos democrático da justiça como equidade implica estudar três conceitos fundamentais: cidadania democrática, razão pública e consenso sobreposto. A cidadania democrática é premissa para a compreensão dos outros dois. Razão pública e consenso sobreposto têm, ambos, um papel justificacional, devendo-se entender ainda o significado de cada um para um contexto deliberativista. Dessa forma, defende-se que há no pensamento de Rawls uma visão deliberativa de democracia.Abstract: The general objective of this work is to study the thought of the american philosopher John Rawls in relation to democracy, a theme on which he did not address directly and specifically, but which is presented obliquely in his texts. For this purpose, initially, author and theme are presented separately: the former, through a brief synthesis of his theory, justice as fairness; the latter, through the identification of some of its conceptions. Then, the interpretation of Rawls as a deliberativist is introduced, reasoning followed from the division between democratic form and ethos - it is this split that allows, therefore, to identify elements that characterize this conception of democracy. The form rests, above all, on the basic liberties (expressed by the first principle of justice elaborated by the philosopher), a study that includes not only what they would be (which cannot be reduced to a political character), but also the regimes mentioned by the author. Also in the democratic form are other principles, such as participation and loyal opposition. In turn, examining the democratic ethos of justice as fairness involves studying three fundamental concepts: democratic citizenship, public reason, and overlapping consensus. Democratic citizenship is the premise for understanding the other two. Public reason and overlapping consensus both have a justificational role, and the meaning of each one must still be understood in a deliberative context. Thus, it is argued that there is a deliberative vision of democracy in Rawls's thought
Accuracy of computed tomography in staging acute appendicitis and its impact on surgical outcome and strategy: a multi‐center retrospective case–control study
No full textAccuracy of computed tomography in staging acute appendicitis and its impact on surgical outcome and strategy: a multi-center retrospective case–control study
No full textIntroductionThe aims of this study were to evaluate the concordance between AAST-CT appendicitis grading criteria, first published in 2014, and surgical findings and to assess the impact of CT staging on the choice of surgical approach.MethodsThis was a multi-center retrospective case-control study including 232 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for acute appendicitis and who had undergone preoperative CT evaluation between 1 January 2017 and 1 January 2022. Appendicitis severity was classified in 5 grades. For each degree of severity, the surgical outcome between patients undergoing open and surgical approach was compared.ResultsAn almost perfect agreement (k = 0.96) was found between CT and surgery in staging acute appendicitis. The vast majority of patients with grade 1 and 2 appendicitis underwent laparoscopic surgical approach and showed low morbidity rate. In patients with grade 3 and 4 appendicitis, laparoscopic approach was adopted in 70% of cases and was associated, if compared to open, with a higher prevalence of postoperative abdominal collections (p = 0.05; fisher's exact test) and a significantly lower prevalence of surgical site infections (p = 0.0007; fisher's exact test). All the patients with grade 5 appendicitis were treated by laparotomy.ConclusionsAAST-CT appendicitis grading system seems to show a relevant prognostic value and a potential impact on the choice of surgical strategy, directing toward a laparoscopic approach in patients with grade 1 and 2, an initial laparoscopic approach, replaceable by the open one, for grade 3 and 4 and an open approach in patients with grade 5
Metachronous Paget’s disease of the breast: case report
No full textPaget breast disease is a kind of intraductal carcinoma that through an intracanalicular diffusion invades the basal epidermical layer,reaching the areola and nipple, producing a typical erythematous desquamative
eczematous-like lesion. This neoplasia can remain undetected
for a long time and inadequately treated as a dermatological affection. Synchronous or metachronous lesions are very uncommon. Surgical choice is conditioned by the presence of a tumor below the epidermical lesion, by its dimensions, and by the possible lymph node involvement. Surgical therapy can be radical or conservative.
From our experience we think that lesion biopsy is always necessary to formulate a correct diagnosis and to schedule an appropriate therapeutic approach. In our case, a biopsy was performed first, then on the basis of the frozen section analysis a radical mastectomy with axillary
third level lymph nodes dissection, because of the large dimensions of thelesion and the previous history of a methachronous lesio
Laboratory recommendations for scoring deep molecular responses following treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia
No full textTreatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has advanced to a stage where many patients achieve very low or undetectable levels of disease. Remarkably, some of these patients remain in sustained remission when treatment is withdrawn, suggesting that they may be at least operationally cured of their disease. Accurate definition of deep molecular responses (MRs) is therefore increasingly important for optimal patient management and comparison of independent data sets. We previously published proposals for broad standardized definitions of MR at different levels of sensitivity. Here we present detailed laboratory recommendations, developed as part of the European Treatment and Outcome Study for CML (EUTOS), to enable testing laboratories to score MR in a reproducible manner for CML patients expressing the most common BCR-ABL1 variants
Does the correlation between self and ingroup/outgroup depend on group favorability?
No full textThere is considerable evidence that predictions about others' behavior are anchored to comparable judgments about the self. There is also strong evidence that while self-judgments predict ingroup members' behavior more strongly than outgroup members, the correlation between self and group remains positive for both ingroups and outgroups (Robbins & Krueger, 2005). The present study examined two related questions. First, could the differences in correlation between self and ingroup versus outgroup be attributed to differences in group favorability? Second, would a negative correlation between self and outgroup be found for intensely disliked outgroups? Using an idiographic design that assessed self-group correlations for ingroups and outgroups ranging in favorability from highly disliked to highly liked, we found: (1) group favorability did not explain ingroup-outgroup differences; and (2) there was no evidence for a negative correlation between self and outgroups, even highly disliked outgroups. Discrepancies with earlier research are discussed. © The Author(s) 2010
