1,720,978 research outputs found
Orizzonti
No full textI sistemi autonomi e intelligenti sono tecnologie pervasive: si stanno diffondendo velocemente in ambiti innumerevoli della vita sociale e personale. E sono anche tecnologie dirompenti (disruptive in inglese), poiché rimodellano in profondità strutture sociali o economiche preesistenti. È perciò irrealistico cercare di dare conto in maniera esaustiva di tutte le questioni etiche che il loro sviluppo solleva o può sollevare nel futuro imminente. Anche nel progettare un volume come questo – che pure intende fornire una panoramica di ampio respiro su riflessioni e dibattiti etici in corso – è stato necessario operare una scelta di temi e problemi, allo scopo di trovare un ragionevole punto di equilibrio tra esplorazione orizzontale delle questioni etiche in gioco e un loro approfondimento verticale. Alcune questioni notevoli che non sono state qui esaminate riguardano le implicazioni etiche dell’automazione di attività lavorative abilitata dalle tecnologie dell’IA e della robotica; il potenziamento delle capacità mentali e motorie degli esseri umani che potrebbe essere indotto dalle stesse tecnologie; la cosiddetta machine ethics, ovverosia il programma di ricerca che si propone di dotare le macchine di qualche competenza morale; l’eventuale attribuzione di diritti e doveri a sistemi autonomi e intelligenti. Ci limitiamo qui a illustrare brevemente questi temi e problemi, fornendo qualche spunto ulteriore di lettura e qualche indicazione sulla possibilità di applicare anche in questi casi le impostazioni metodologiche utilizzate nei capitoli precedenti. Per concludere, accenniamo ai contributi che l’IA e la robotica possono fornire per affrontare sfide etiche primarie del nostro tempo - contrasto delle pandemie, mitigazione del riscaldamento climatico, difesa della democrazia e della pace internazionale - insieme ai nuovi rischi che esse possono porre in tali contesti
Etica dei veicoli autonomi
No full textIn questo capitolo si offre un’ampia visione dell’etica dell’IA e della robotica attraverso l’analisi dei veicoli a guida autonoma (VA), passando in rassegna le principali problematiche morali e introducendo gli strumenti di etica normativa che possono aiutarci nella loro analisi. Cominceremo dalla questione delle collisioni inevitabili, che permette di familiarizzare con le prospettive dell’etica delle conseguenze e dei doveri. Tratteremo delle difficoltà relative alla distribuzione della responsabilità e del controllo, per passare poi a problemi legati alla libertà di guidare, alla privacy e alla sostenibilità ambientale. Il capitolo si conclude con un’analisi di varie politiche etiche sulla guida autonoma, esito regolativo delle indagini morali
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
AI: profili etici. Una prospettiva etica sull'Intelligenza Artificiale: princìpi, diritti e raccomandazioni
Full text linkAs technologies become more and more pervasive in our everyday life new questions arise, for example, about security, accountability, fairness and ethics. These concerns are about all the realities that are involved or committed in designing, implementing, deploying and using the technology. This document addresses such concerns by presenting a set of practical obligations and recommendations for the development of applications and systems based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. These are derived from a definition of rights resulting from principles and ethical values rooted in the foundational charters of our social organization
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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