1,720,966 research outputs found
Indizi non verbali di coinvolgimento durante video-interviste: Valutazione da parte di terzi, costruzione e validazione di un training e rilevamento automatico
No full textL'uso di piattaforme di videoconferenza, attraverso le quali gruppi di persone possono comunicare a distanza, è aumentato negli ultimi anni e si è accelerato dopo la pandemia di Covid-19 che ha costretto l'uso di interazioni a distanza. Queste interazioni includono interazioni legate al lavoro e certamente anche colloqui di lavoro. Questo tipo di reclutamento era già iniziato prima dello scoppio della pandemia, ma è certamente destinato a diventare sempre più popolare nel mondo del lavoro in futuro. A tal fine, è essenziale considerare quali sono le componenti importanti da tenere a mente quando si conduce un colloquio di questo tipo. È anche essenziale capire come migliorare e adattarsi ai nuovi strumenti di intervista. Al fine di fornire uno strumento utile sia per i candidati che per i reclutatori, è stato costruito il seguente progetto. L'obiettivo è quello di rendere espliciti gli spunti non verbali che caratterizzano l'impegno in un'interazione, al fine di riconoscerli e, nel caso dei candidati, utilizzarli per migliorare, nel caso dei selezionatori, modificarli su se stessi e considerarli parte della valutazione espressa. Il mio progetto consisteva nei seguenti studi: È stato condotto uno studio preliminare pensato per identificare i modelli di movimento ricorrenti delle parti coinvolte in un'interazione dal punto di vista del Physical Mutual Engagement (PME). In questo studio, i partecipanti hanno valutato l'impegno tra le parti coinvolte in interazioni legate al lavoro. Un'analisi del contenuto è stata condotta sulle risposte date dai partecipanti alle domande aperte, al fine di identificare i comportamenti spunti del PME. Sono stati quindi trovati 57 spunti di impegno, suddivisi in 9 Comportamenti e associati a 8 Significati. Un secondo studio è stato condotto per convalidare gli spunti di impegno non verbale identificati nello studio precedente. Per fare questo, un training è stato costruito e somministrato a 20 partecipanti coinvolti in un colloquio di lavoro. Per verificare l'efficacia di questo training, il comportamento dei partecipanti è stato annotato e analizzato. Sono stati identificati i comportamenti di Guardare, Annuire e Sorridere. Si è anche scoperto che la formazione è stata efficace nell'aumentare lo sguardo verso la telecamera e nel diminuire lo sguardo altrove. È stato anche efficace nell'aumentare l'annuire ma non il sorridere. Poi, un terzo studio è stato eseguito per verificare se i parametri trovati nel primo studio potevano effettivamente migliorare la PME. I video raccolti durante il secondo studio sono stati valutati da una commissione indipendente al fine di determinare se la formazione avesse un effetto sull'impegno dei partecipanti. È stato quindi fatto un confronto tra le valutazioni dei video pre e post intervallo. È stato riscontrato che la formazione costruita durante questo progetto è stata effettivamente efficace nell'aumentare l'impegno percepito. Successivamente, un quarto studio è stato condotto al fine di verificare se gli spunti comportamentali annotati durante il secondo studio erano correlati con i tassi di impegno valutati dai valutatori esterni durante lo studio precedente. A tal fine, i punteggi medi di impegno trovati nel terzo studio sono stati confrontati con i quattro spunti comportamentali annotati nel secondo studio. È stata trovata una correlazione tra il comportamento dello sguardo e i punteggi di impegno. Punteggi di impegno più alti corrispondevano a frequenze più alte di Sguardi verso la telecamera e frequenze più basse di Sguardi lontani. Tuttavia, nessuna correlazione è stata trovata tra i cenni e i punteggi di impegno, ma una leggera correlazione è stata trovata tra i sorrisi e i punteggi di impegno.The use of videoconferencing platforms, through which groups of people can communicate at a distance, has increased in recent years and accelerated after the Covid-19 pandemic forcing the use of remote interactions. These interactions include work-related interactions and certainly also job interviews. This type of recruitment had already started before the outbreak of the pandemic but is certainly expected to become more and more popular in the world of work in the future. To this end, it is essential to consider what are the important components to keep in mind when conducting such an interview. It is also essential to understand how to improve and adapt to the new interview tools. In order to provide a useful tool for both candidates and recruiters, the following project was built. The aim is to make explicit the non-verbal cues that characterise engagement in an interaction, in order to recognise them and, in the case of candidates, use them to improve, in the case of recruiters, modify them on themselves and consider them part of the evaluation expressed. My project consisted of the following studies: A preliminary study thought to identify recurrent movement patterns of parties involved in an interaction from the point of view of Physical Mutual Engagement (PME) was conducted. In this study, participants rated the engagement between parties involved in work-related interactions. A content analysis was conducted on the answers given by the participants to the open-ended questions, in order to identify the behaviours cues of the PME. Therefore 57 engagement cues were found, divided into 9 Behaviours and associated with 8 Meanings. A second study was carried out to validate the non-verbal engagement cues identified in the previous study. To do this, a training was constructed and administered to 20 participants involved in a job interview. In order to check the effectiveness of this training, the participants' behaviour was annotated and analysed. The behaviours of Gaze, Nodding and Smiling were identified. It was also found that the training was effective in increasing Looking into the camera and decreasing Looking away. It was also effective in increasing Nodding but not Smiling. Then, a third study was performed to verify whether the parameters found in the first study could effectively improve PME. The videos collected during the second study have been evaluated by an independent commission in order to determine whether the training had an effect on the participants’ engagement. A comparison was then made between pre and post interval videos’ evaluations. It was found that the training constructed during this project was indeed effective in increasing perceived engagement. Subsequently, a fourth study was carried out in order to check whether the behavioural cues annotated during the second study correlated with the engagement rates assessed by the external evaluators during the previous study. To this end, the average engagement scores found in the third study were compared with the four behavioural cues annotated in the second study. A correlation was found between Gaze behaviour and engagement scores. Higher engagement scores corresponded to higher frequencies of Looks into the camera and lower frequencies of Looks away. However, no correlation was found between Nods and engagement scores, but a slight correlation was found between Smiles and engagement scores. Finally, a fifth study was conducted in order to build a model capable of extracting and predicting the nonverbal cues found and tested in our previous studies, using state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. The annotated frames of the videos were used to train and test the model using a network for facial recognition. Considerations on the better approach to use to predict the considered behaviours are therefore reported
Using an Embodiment Technique in Psychological Experiments with Virtual Reality: A Scoping Review of the Embodiment Configurations and their Scientific Purpose
Full text linkMultiple latent clustering model for the inference of RNA life-cycle kinetic rates from sequencing data
Full text linkWe propose a hierarchical Bayesian model to infer RNA synthesis, processing, and degradation rates from time-course RNA sequencing data, based
on an ordinary differential equation system that models the RNA life cycle.
We parametrize the latent kinetic rates, which rule the system, with a novel
functional form and estimate their parameters through three Dirichlet process
mixture models. Owing to the complexity of this approach, we are able to
simultaneously perform inference, clustering, and model selection. We apply
our method to investigate transcriptional and post-transcriptional responses
of murine fibroblasts to the activation of the proto-oncogene Myc. Our approach uncovers simultaneous regulations of the rates, which had been largely
missed in previous analyses of this biological system
Emergency fire training in virtual environments: effect of immersion and interaction.
No full textAccording to statistics, during 2016 there were almost a million of structure fires worldwide. As part of the effort in responding to these kinds of emergency situation, training programs for staff and personnel are usually organized. However, training programs might not always be received the level of motivation that makes the resource investment worthwhile and effective.
In recent years, Virtual Reality (VR) has been proposed to be an enticing, versatile and relatively affordable training tool. VR allows to re-create risky situations in a safe, controlled, realistic environment where the user can experience and practice proper behaviors. However, only a few studies have been published in which the effectiveness of VR training is assessed and compared with other training formats.
In this study, we compare different formats of a training program to teach how to extinguish different office-related fires. Formats vary in their levels of immersion (Imm) and/or interaction (Int): immersive VR (high Imm and Int), 360° video (high Imm, low Int), desktop simulation (Int, low Imm), desktop
video (low Imm, no Int) and paper-based material (no Imm, no Int). Their performance in terms of knowledge acquisition and sustained motivation have been measured via both quantitative (answers accuracy, reaction time, questionnaires) and qualitative (interviews) methods. Furthermore, a fifteenday follow-up has been run to verify the long-term efficacy of the training. Results show that immersion and interaction are important variables in training and learning, highlighting when and how it is recommended to invest in virtual systems for emergency training
The Role of Virtual Spaces and Interactivity in Emergency Training
No full textVirtual Reality (VR) allows to re-create risky situations in a safe and realistic environment and, in recent years, it has been proposed as a versatile training tool for fire emergencies. However, there is still the need to compare VR with other training formats, to better understand when and how it is advantageous to invest in virtual systems for emergency training. In this preliminary study, we compare different formats of a training program for teaching how to extinguish office-related fires. Formats vary in the presence and realism of the spatial representation, namely an immersive and interactive VR environment, a non-interactive desktop Video and traditional paper-based material. Participants' reactions and knowledge acquisition have been measured using both quantitative (accuracy, reaction times, questionnaires) and qualitative (open questions) methods. Results show that, at performance level, all three training formats significantly improved accuracy, but only participants in VR and Video conditions became faster in choosing the correct extinguisher. In terms of participants' evaluation, the VR format was judged more positively compared to the other trainings
Sharing the Space With the “Victim” Can Increase Help Rates. A Study With Virtual Reality
Full text linkA typical protocol for the psychological study of helping behavior features two core roles: a help seeker suffering from some personal or situational emergency (often called “victim”) and a potential helper. The setting of these studies is such that the victim and the helper often share the same space. We wondered whether this spatial arrangement might affect the help rate. Thus, we designed a simple study with virtual reality in which space sharing could be manipulated. The participant plays the role of a potential helper; the victim is a humanoid located inside the virtual building. When the request for help is issued, the participant can be either in the same spatial region as the victim (the virtual building) or outside it. The effect of space was tested in two kinds of emergencies: a mere request for help and a request for help during a fire. The analysis shows that, in both kinds of emergencies, the participants were more likely to help the victim when sharing the space with it. This study suggests controlling the spatial arrangement when investigating helping behavior. It also illustrates the expediency of virtual reality to further investigate the role of space on pro-social behavior during emergencies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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