306 research outputs found
L’arte della calligrafia cinese attraverso gli occhi dell’artista Fung Ming Chip
No full textL’oggetto della tesi di laurea è analizzare l’arte calligrafica dell’artista cinese contemporaneo Fung Ming Chip (Feng Mingqiu 冯明秋, n. 1951). Per poter raggiungere tale obiettivo, è fondamentale, però, esaminare l’intero processo evolutivo della calligrafia cinese, a partire dall’antichità fino a raggiungere l’era moderna, in modo da fornire una panoramica generale delle basi di quest’arte considerata tra le più sublimi della cultura cinese. Nello specifico, si affronta un’analisi di tutti gli aspetti ed elementi caratterizzanti la calligrafia cinese tradizionale; successivamente viene ripercorsa la sua fase di modernizzazione in età contemporanea, che verte sullo sviluppo di due importanti correnti quali la corrente avanguardista e modernista. La calligrafia cinese è stata soggetta a continui mutamenti nel corso della storia e continuano tuttora. Fung Ming Chip è ritenuto tra gli artisti contemporanei più innovativi in campo calligrafico. Le sue abilità, acquisite da autodidatta e apprezzate in tutto il mondo, hanno favorito una produzione artistica alquanto originale. Questo elaborato focalizza l’attenzione in particolare sulle opere che lui realizza sia attraverso l’arte dell’intaglio dei sigilli che attraverso l’arte calligrafica, profondamente legate l’una all’altra. Egli riesce, attraverso la calligrafia, a sviluppare nel pubblico una nuova visione della calligrafia senza sovvertire la calligrafia tradizionale, a cui resta profondamente legato
The politics of fashion: perceptions of power in female clothing and ornamentation as reflected in the sixteenth-century Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei
No full textThis thesis examines issues of female power and influence in sixteenth-century China focusing on how women and their roles were perceived in the changing social environment of the mid-late Ming dynasty. Using aspects of a New Historicist approach, information from contemporary literary and historical sources are analysed alongside each other. With its emphasis on the lives of women and preoccupation with the description of material objects, the late Ming novel Jin Ping Mei forms an important element in the thesis. China in the sixteenth century saw expanding urbanisation, the emergence of a new wealthy merchant class, increasing visibility of women and a questioning of traditional morality. Fashion consciousness, as one of the most conspicuous aspects of the new material culture, is a possible indicator of these trends. Traditional Western theories contend that fashion began in the particular context of Renaissance Europe. However, this study argues that a similar fashion awareness existed in China too, and was manifested in a competitive striving for social status, in this case specifically among women. In contrast to previous studies which downplayed the impact women had on defining traditional Chinese culture, this thesis demonstrates how women and their sartorial choices began to redefine the boundaries of material culture, influencing literati discourse which, in turn, re- influenced female behaviour
Calligrafia d’avanguardia e arte astratta nella Cina contemporanea. L’“arte astratta calligrafica” di Pu Lieping, Wei Ligang, Chen Guangwu, Shao Yan, Luo Qi e Fung Ming Chip e l’“espressionismo astratto calligrafico” di Qin Feng e Zhang Dawo
No full textDelle maggiori tendenze che caratterizzano oggi l’evolversi dell’arte calligrafica in Cina, la calligrafia d’avanguardia, nata a partire dalla metà degli anni ottanta, è senz’altro la più innovativa e sperimentale. All’interno di questa variegata corrente, fortemente influenzata dall’arte moderna occidentale, il filone più prolifico è quello che tenta di fondere la tecnica e l’estetica calligrafica alla nozione ‘astratta’ del segno grafico di derivazione occidentale. Da questo connubio nascono le sperimentazioni di molti artisti-calligrafi contemporanei che producono opere che si collocano a metà tra l’arte della calligrafia e l’arte astratta, compartecipando di entrambe e non esaurendosi in nessuna di esse. Il segno calligrafico cessa di essere connesso a un sistema linguistico significante, e diviene primaria la contemplazione della bellezza astratta della linea calligrafica o del gesto espressivo che l’ha prodotta. Nel primo caso, si può parlare di “arte astratta calligrafica”, come nelle opere di Pu Lieping, Wei Ligang, Chen Guangwu, Shao Yan, Luo Qi e Fung Ming Chip; nel secondo caso, invece, di “espressionismo astratto calligrafico”, come nelle opere di Qin Feng e Zhang Dawo. Distaccandosi dal sistema di scrittura dei caratteri cinesi, le opere di questi artisti possono dunque essere comprensibili universalmente e collocarsi all’interno di un contesto artistico globale. Tale evento, inedito nella storia della calligrafia cinese, ha permesso di rivitalizzare e modernizzare un’arte millenaria e monolitica come la calligrafia cinese, attualizzandola e internazionalizzandola
Wu Ming : a literary democratic republic ?
No full textCette étude porte sur la littérature italienne et sur le rapport qu’elle entretient aujourd’hui avec les nouveaux médias, surtout l’Internet. Notre analyse se concentre sur le collectif Wu Ming qui, en recourant à l’écriture collective, à l’anonymat, au copyleft et à l’utilisation des nouvelles technologies comme moyens de diffusion et de création de ses œuvres, représente un projet novateur dans le panorama littéraire contemporain. En effet, les changements introduits par Wu Ming ne touchent pas seulement le rôle et le statut de l’auteur mais ont également un impact sur la nature de l’œuvre et du texte.Grâce à Wu Ming, les histoires sont libérées du lien de la propriété privée et les récits échappent en partie à la logique commerciale pour entrer dans une réalité où le travail culturel peut être librement diffusé. À travers ce processus de diffusion et de socialisation du savoir, les membres du collectif revendiquent une approche de l’écriture qui vise l’instauration d’une République démocratique des lecteurs où les histoires, influencées par plusieurs sensibilités, se développent, se construisent, se reconstruisent et changent de cap. L’emploi des nouvelles technologies joue un rôle central dans cette démocratisation. L’Internet devient un lieu de rencontre, de conflit et de partage où le texte littéraire se déploie en soulevant des questionnements d’ordre sémiotique et ontologique. Est-il vraiment possible de parler d’une démocratisation de l’acte narratif, de la fin de l’auteur et de la désacralisation de l’œuvre ? Dans ce travail, notre but est de comprendre si la démarche de Wu Ming répond à une simple posture intellectualisante, voire à une stratégie marketing, ou si elle met véritablement en place un nouveau paradigme expressif en créant un réel espace de participation démocratique.Abstract:The present study focuses on Italian literature and its relationship with today’s new media, especially with the Internet. Our analysis concerns the collective Wu Ming which, through the use of collective writing, anonymity, copyleft and new technologies as means of dissemination and creation of his works, represents an innovative project in the contemporary literary panorama. Indeed, the changes introduced by Wu Ming do not only affect the role and status of the author but also have an impact on the nature of the text.Thanks to Wu Ming, stories are freed from the bonds of private property and partly escape the commercial logic to enter a reality where cultural work can be freely disseminated. Through this process of diffusion and socialization of knowledge, members of the collective claim an approach to writing that aims at the establishment of a democratic Republic of the reader, where the stories are influenced by several sensibilities and thus they are constructed, develop, rebuild and change course. The use of new technologies plays a central role in such a democratisation. The Internet becomes a place of encounter, conflict and sharing, where the literary text unfolds by raising semiotic and ontological questions. Is it really possible to speak of a democratization of the narrative act, the end of the author and the desecration of the text? Throughout our work, the goal is to understand if Wu Ming's approach responds to a simple intellectualizing stance -or even a marketing strategy- or if it actually sets up a new expressive paradigm, by creating a real space for democratic participation
Song Ming jian Huizhou zu xian ji si de bian hua
No full text筆者在徽州田野考察時，發現當地人常表達出兩套關於祖先的觀念：第一，徽州人的祖先，就是神明；第二，即使祖先和神明身份重疊，當地人卻能清楚分辨祭於祠堂的祖先，和祭於廟宇的祖先，不會混淆祭祀的場所。這兩套觀念，其實表達出徽州人在宋明間祖先形象的變化。箇中的變化並不單純是「祖先」、「神明」此等稱謂的改變，而是一套與王朝政策息息相關的祭祖儀式漸漸出現。自南宋遷都杭州後，徽州的地位在宋朝政府變得非常重要，冊封徽州地方神明這套禮儀是王朝與地方建立關係的重要手段。同時，這些受王朝賜封神號和廟額的神明，亦被視為徽州人的祖先，供奉在廟宇，享受地方信眾的香火和經濟捐贈；元朝時期徽州士人開始流行以譜系追溯遠祖，這套文字方式將神明祖先及其後裔一代一代的聯繫起來，但卻不見於應用在祭祀儀式上；到了明朝，政府推行的戶籍登記以及後來的賦役改革，迫使地方社會要仔細劃分神廟祭祀和祠堂祭祀，否則難以確保祭祀場所和祭產的擁有權。盡管在祠堂祭祀祖先的儀式在明朝中葉普及起來，但並不表示神明祭祀的傳統因而消失，所以在徽州地方社會上，同時存在著在廟宇祭祀神明祖先的禮儀和在祠堂祭祀宗族祖先的禮儀。筆者的研究方法，是以歷史人類學的視野，結合歷史學對時間變遷的敏感和人類學對地方社會的細膩觀察，利用族譜、碑文、地方志、文集和田野考察所得的資料，重構徽州地方社會這段獨特的發展，展示出徽州人對祖先的理解，如何由神明拉近至放在村內祠堂祭祀的木主。In my visits to Huizhou, I was attracted by the interesting phenomenon that there are two different kinds of concepts about ancestor in Huizhou. The first concept is that some ancestors are recognized as deities in government gazette, genealogy and document. They got a double image. In second concept, although those ancestors are recognized as deities, the difference between the rituals of ancestral worship in temple and of deity worship in ancestral hall is very clear. One of the most interesting cases is Wang Hua, who had been remaining an important regional god and an ancestor of the Huizhou Wangs since the Sung dynasty, but who also came in the Ming dynasty to be worshiped as the ancestors in ancestral hall, separated from the worship of deity Wang Hua in temple. This thesis examines this phenomenon by studying the transformations of Huizhou society from the Song through the Ming.This thesis argues that the gradual shift in Huizhou society from the worship of gods in temples to the worship of ancestors in halls is a long process of integration between local society and the state. This process, which reached a now-agreed upon turning point in a 1536 decree of the emperor Jiajing, followed different paths in different parts of China. In Huizhou, various lineages gradually came into existence that was based on the foundation of worship of gods in temple. They at first worshiped their ancestors together with local gods in the temples of the latter and only gradually moved to the building of independent ancestor halls.By using a range of rare documents, genealogies, government gazettes, current observation of the environment of villages, and interview recorded in the field, the thesis reconstructs the history of traditional Huizhou society that is in marked contrast with the history of other regions in South China.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.郭錦洲 = Distance from ancestor : the change of ancestral worship in Huizhou from the Song to Ming dynasty / Kwok Kam Chau.Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-189).Abstracts also in English.Guo Jinzhou = Distance from ancestor : the change of ancestral worship in Huizhou from the Song to Ming Dynasty / Kwok Kam Chau
Diffusive reflectance for the free-space light propagation theory
No full textBased on the free-space light propagation theory, the noncontact measurement technique for optical tomography provides high quality data sets by using charge coupled device camera for light detection. The free-space theory was originally formulated for a single object but did not take into account the reflection among object surfaces. However, complex geometries of small animals can induce multiple light reflections on surfaces. A major issue is how to model the surface reflectance to work with the free-space light propagation theory. In this letter, we utilize the Monte Carlo simulation technique to evaluate the performance of the free-space theory with multiple light reflections. Two types of surface reflectance have been simulated, including the specular or diffuse reflectance, respectively. It is found that for tissuelike objects the diffusive reflectance works the best with the free-space theory and a discrepancy occurs when the surface exhibits specular reflectance.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000273473200071&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Physics, AppliedSCI(E)EI0ARTICLE1null9
The development and evaluation of a Diet Quality Index for Asian toddlers and its perinatal correlates: the GUSTO cohort study
No full textEarly childhood diet may have lifelong influences on health outcomes, yet development of indices to assess diet quality is scarce in toddlers, especially in Asian countries. We aimed to develop and evaluate a Diet Quality Index (DQI) in a multi-ethnic Asian mother–offspring cohort and identify perinatal correlates of early childhood diet. Based primarily on the Singapore dietary guidelines, the DQI includes seven food components: rice, bread and alternatives; fruit; vegetables; meat and alternatives; milk and dairy products; whole grains; and foods high in sugar. The DQI was developed using parental report of Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) data for 18-month-old toddlers (n = 561). The mean ± SD of DQI for the study toddlers was 44.2 ± 8.9 (theoretical range: 0–65). A higher DQI (better diet quality) was associated with higher intakes of several nutrients and food groups (e.g., vegetables, dietary fibre, and beta-carotene; all p < 0.001). Further construct validity was demonstrated by substantial agreement between the FFQ-DQI and 24-hour-recall-DQI (Intraclass-correlation-coefficient: 0.70). Independent predictors of lower DQI included higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI [β(95% CI): −0.23(−0.39, −0.07)], Malay ethnicity [−1.88(−3.67, −0.09)], lower household income [−1.97(−3.91, −0.03)], lower education level [−2.57(−4.85, −0.28)] and never breastfeeding [−6.17(−11.06, −1.28)]. We developed a valid DQI for assessing the overall quality of the diets of Asian toddlers
INTRODUCTION TO NEUTROSOPHIC MEASURE, NEUTROSOPHIC INTEGRAL, AND NEUTROSOPHIC PROBABILITY
No full textNeutrosophic Science means development and applications of neutrosophic
logic/set/measure/integral/probability etc. and their applications in any field
[[alternative]]The Regulatory Effect of Si-Jun-Zi-Tang and Its Four Ingredients on The Murine Immune Function
No full text[[abstract]]Si-Jun-Zi-Tang is a general tonic medicine that has been used in Asian countries for more than a thousand years. It is composed of four major ingredients including Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A Meyer), Bai-zhu (Atraclylodes macrocephala Koidz), Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) and Fu-ling (Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf). In 1996, our research team had demonstrated that Si-Jun-Zi-Tang was a potential immunoregulatory medicine. Therefore, the research was taken through a series of carefully designed experiments to investigate closely into the mechanism by which the Si-Jun-Zi-Tang modulated the immune function. The reagents used in this study were prepared by boiling the Si-Jun-Zi-Tang and its four major ingredients separately in 50% ethanol. In the primary stage of the experiment, the mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with the extracts for three consecutive days. Results indicated that injecting the drug all significantly enhanced both IgG and IgA secretion by spleen cells, but IgM secretion was not augmented significantly by Si-Jun-Zi-Tang, Bai-zhu and Fu-ling. In the secondary stage, assayed for production of Th-1 type (IL-2, IFN-g) and Th-2 type (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines by spleen cells cultured in vitro. Results indicated that treatment with drug all significantly enhanced both cytokine mRNA expression and cytokine secretion by spleen cells. This observation was further supported by showing that the IgG1, IgG2b (mediated by IL-4) and IgG2a (mediated by IFN-g) secretion by spleen cells were increased significantly after the drug treatments. The result also implied that antibodies production by the B-lymphocytes might undergo class-switch. In the third stage, the study was focused on the possible effects of the route and the duration of drug treatment on the Ginseng-mediated immunoregulation. Oral administration of Ginseng extract only enhanced the secretion of IgA, but showed a significantly suppressive effect on IgG and IgM secretion, suggesting that Ginseng might directly stimulate the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue in gut and augmented IgA production though oral administration. Oral administration of Ginseng extract significantly enhanced Th-1 type cytokine production and IL-10 production. This observation was further supported by showing that the IgG2a secretion by spleen cells, which was induced by IFN-g, were increased significantly after the drug treatments; but IgG1 and IgG2b secretion, which was induced by IL-4, were suppressed. In addition, oral administration of Ginseng significantly increased the cytotoxic activity of natural kill cells (NK cells), suggesting that Ginseng can also induced an innate cell-mediated immune response. However, oral administration of Ginseng extract significantly reduced the percentage composition of CD3+ T-lymphocytes,CD4+8- and CD4-8+ subpopulations. The Ginseng-mediated immunoregulation was also affected by the duration of drug treatment. Long-term (30 days) oral treatment of Ginseng almost failed to modulate both immunoglobulin and cytokine productions, except that the production of IL-10 was significantly induced. Since, the major biological activity of IL-10 is to inhibit the synthesis of lymphokines and monokines. Therefore, long-term oral treatment of Ginseng extract might down-regulate the immune system by increasing IL-10 production. Finally, the effect of long-term oral treatment of Ginseng extract on the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced specific antibody response was studied. During the 30 days of treatment, the mice were primary immunized with OVA at day one and were boosted at day 14. The anti-OVA antibody titer of the mice treated with Ginseng was significantly higher than that of the control group. In conclusion, for the 50% ethanol extract of Ginseng, the dosage ranged from 0.4 g/kg/day to 4 g/kg/day, the short-term oral administration will up-regulate both MALT response and cell-mediated immune response, especially the cytotoxicity of NK cells. However, long-term oral administration will not be able to augment immune response but may have advantage in the antigen-specific antibody response.
Du shu cao tang ming shi: si juan.
No full text順德簡朝亮述."排印留版存讀書草堂, 上海中華書局承印"--Title page verso.Shunde Jian Zhaoliang shu."Pai yin liu ban cun Du shu cao tang, Shanghai Zhonghua shu ju cheng yin"--Title page verso
- …
