1,721,034 research outputs found
INTRODUZIONE AI RISCHI FISICI
No full textIn passato, nella sicurezza sui luoghi di lavoro, gli agenti fisici erano tradizionalmente identificati con rumore, vibrazioni, illuminamento, microclima e videoterminali. Le radiazioni ionizzanti (regolamentate fin dal 1964) erano un agente di rischio da considerarsi a parte. Lo specialista di settore era l'sperto qualificato, il solo a cui era richiesta una specifica preparazione anche in fisica. Nel 2008, invece, il Testo Unico sulla sicurezza introduce un elenco preciso degli agenti fisici che richiede una certa preparazione a tutti gli attori della prevenzione. Questo volume, scritto da due fisici con esperienza nella valutazione dei rischi in campo ambientale e occupazionale, presenta i principi fisici e i metodi necessari ad una valutazione dei rischi fisici come richiesto dalla normativa più aggiornata. Sono trattati gli agenti fisici più conosciuti come microclima e ventilazione, vibrazioni, rumore ma anche infrasuoni e ultrasuoni che nel Testo Unico sono solo citati senza ulteriori specificazioni. Sono discussi poi tutti i rischi da radiazioni elettromagnetiche, dai campi elettromagnetici fino a 300 GHz, alle radiazioni ottiche artificiali, incoerenti e laser, fino alle radiazioni ionizzanti, riportate per ultime proprio per la loro importanza e anche per evidenziare come la loro regolamentazione ha per molti versi anticipato quella successivamente adottata per gli altri agenti fisic
Control measurements for lasers in physiotherapy
No full textIn physical rehabilitation, is diffused the skin irradiation with near infrared laser at a fluence below 140 J/cm(2), achieving a bio-stimulating effect that is due to the absorption of radiation in mitochondria rather than the simple heating of tissues. In order to deliver radiation without thermal damage of the skin, are used radiation pulses which duration does not allow heat accumulation and propagation far from the irradiated target; this requires laser sources with average power below 10 W implying a safety classification as "potentially dangerous for eye and skin", or "class 4" according to the applicable international standards. In this paper, 6 laser therapy devices, of 5 different manufactures and models have been analyzed from the point of view of actual radiation output and user safety. In each case, one or more of the characteristic declared by the manufacturer in the user manual have been found different from the actual measured value. The actual accessible energy levels have been found to be complying with risk class 3B. The impact of the new version of the Standard IEC 60825-1 (2014), is also discussed, considering in particular the possible classification in the new class 1C, and the maximum permissible levels for pulsed lasers. An extension of the measurement protocols is proposed in order to assure effective and safe use of laser in physical therapy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Inflammation and reactive oxygen species in status epilepticus: Biomarkers and implications for therapy.
No full textreclinical studies in immature and adult rodents and clinical observations show that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are rapid onset phenomena occurring in the brain during status epilepticus and persisting thereafter. Notably, both neuroinflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the acute and long-term sequelae of status epilepticus thus representing potential druggable targets. Antiinflammatory drugs that interfere with the IL-1β pathway, such as anakinra, can control benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus in animals, and there is recent proof-of-concept evidence for therapeutic effects in children with Febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). Inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase and P2X7 receptor antagonists are also promising antiinflammatory drug candidates for rapidly aborting de novo status epilepticus and provide neuroprotection. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant drugs administered to rodents during status epilepticus and transiently thereafter, prevent long-term sequelae such as cognitive deficits and seizure progression in animals developing epilepsy. Some drugs are already in medical use and are well-tolerated, therefore, they may be considered for treating status epilepticus and its neurological consequences. Finally, markers of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are measureable in peripheral blood and by neuroimaging, which offers an opportunity for developing prognostic and predictive mechanistic biomarkers in people exposed to status epilepticus. This article is part of the Special Issue "Proceedings of the 7th London-Innsbruck Colloquium on Status Epilepticus and Acute Seizures
X-ray crystal structure of the ferric sperm whale myoglobin: imidazole complex at 2.0 A resolution
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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