1,721,039 research outputs found
Governability, Fragmentation and Normative Production: A Comparative Analysis in Six European Democracies
No full textRationing methods for allocating the European Union’s rural development funds in Poland
No full textIn this paper, we evaluate the applicability of the bankruptcy and the relevance factors methods to the allocation of structural policy budgets using Polish Rural Development Program as a practical example. Our results demonstrate that the main problem with the bankruptcy approach used for policy budget allocation is that project claims are not directly related to project importance. Highly significant programs with small claims are potentially penalized by the proportional solution or by the Constrained Equal Losses solution, while projects of low importance and small claims may be fully funded using the Constrained Equal Awards solution. The relevance approach, on the other hand, is highly dependent on the measure computed using expert opinions. This measure is not influenced by claims. Thus, given reliable expert assessments, the relevance factors method appears advantageous to the bankruptcy approach. This method is also far superior to the less formal methods currently used by decision-makers
Robustness of Legislative Procedures of the French, British, Spanish and Italian Parliaments
No full text
Free-Riding in Common Facility Sharing
No full textWe deal with the free-riding situations that may arise from sharing maintenance cost of a facility among its potential users. The non-users may ask for a check to assess who the users are, but they have to pay the related cost; consequently, a non-user may not ask for the check, with the hope that the other non-users ask and pay for it. In this paper, we provide incentives for asking for the check, without suffering a higher cos
Modeling the rational behavior of individuals on an e-commerce system
No full textWith the increasing popularity of e-commerce systems, commercial transactions are becoming more and more frequent. Such transactions are not direct but mediated, putting the buyer in a position of weakness with respect to the seller, especially in the case of a failure of a transaction. The literature showed that the reputation can play an important role to reduce the risks of the buyer in the current e-commerce environment. An online reputation management system (RMS) maintains the reputation, made of beliefs and/or opinions, that are generally held about someone or something, and it can guarantee the reliability of the transactions that take place in an e-commerce system. Despite of the fact that the basic element of a RMS – the interaction between the seller and the buyer – is a classical field of application of the Game Theory (GT) methodologies, the use of a GT approach in this context seems quite limited and this is probably due to its solution complexity. A way to deal with such a complexity is by exploiting the capability of the agent based simulation (ABS) approach. In this paper, we propose a hybrid GT and ABS model for the analysis of an e-commerce system in which a centralized reputation system is maintained by a trusted third party. We report an extensive quantitative analysis in order to validate the proposed model, and to evaluate the impact of a set of buyers’ and sellers’ policies on the behavior of the e-commerce system
More Security or More Freedom? A Comparative Analysis of the Equilibrium in European Democratic Regimes
No full textThe nucleolus is well-posed
No full textAbstractThe lexicographic order is not representable by a real-valued function, contrary to many other orders or preorders. So, standard tools and results for well-posed minimum problems cannot be used. We prove that under suitable hypotheses it is however possible to guarantee the well-posedness of a lexicographic minimum over a compact or convex set. This result allows us to prove that some game theoretical solution concepts, based on lexicographic order are well-posed: in particular, this is true for the nucleolus
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