1,721,006 research outputs found
Evolution of the dystrophin muscular promoter and 5 ' flanking region in primates
No full textAbout 1.6 kb of the noncoding region upstream of the muscular dystrophin gene was sequenced in human and other primates. The alignment showed the existence of many stretches of conserved sequences among the compared species distributed all along the investigated fragment, including the 5' end. In correspondence to these conserved boxes, we identified several new putative cis-acting elements that have similarity to known control regions of other muscle-specific genes. In some cases, however, the conserved sequences did not correspond to any known transcription factor binding sites. The rate of evolution estimated site by site all along the investigated region revealed a nonhomogeneous distribution of the substitution rate, several sequences exhibited a very slow rate of evolution suggesting that evolutionary forces of different nature may be at work. On the basis of the sequence alignment, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships within the hominoid lineage. In addition, we estimated the relative rate of evolution between hominoid and Old World monkeys, confirming the existence of an evolutionary slowdown in the hominoid lineage
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
REPEAT OFFENDERS - SIMPLE REPEAT SEQUENCES AND COMPLEX GENETIC PROBLEMS [Review]
No full textRelative single base-pair substitution rates in human genes, derived from a collection of > 2,700 point mutations causing human genetic disease, were related to the results of an evolutionary gene/pseudogene comparison. At the mononucleotide level, notable differences between the two datasets were confined to C-to-T and G-to-A transitions, both being rarer in gene/pseudogene alignments than among disease-associated lesions. Relative nearest neighbour-dependent substitution rates were found to be similar in the two datasets, indicating the long-term stability of these parameters during human genome evolution. Allowing for the 5' and 3' nucleotides flanking mutated sites, the primary likelihood of mutation generation could be demonstrated to be biased toward the avoidance of replacements that: (1) change the chemical characteristics of the encoded amino acid residue substantially, and (2) have a high chance of resulting in genetic disease in humans. A similar bias is also reflected in the evolutionary history of human and rodent proteins: amino acid replacements that currently exhibit a high likelihood of coming to clinical attention have been less likely to be accepted during protein evolution
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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