1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in primary human keratinocytes and epidermal equivalents
Full text linkThe Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) mediates the toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) resulting in the human specific toxicity, chloracne. To test whether the chloracnegenic potential of AhR-agonists depends upon binding affinity for the AhR, residency and/or down-regulation of the AhR, we investigated the effects of different AhR agonists in primary human keratinocytes and epidermal equivalents. The AhR agonists used were high-affinity, high-residency and high-potency TCDD, and two agonists not known to induce chloracne; low-affinity, low-residency and low-potency β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) and the low-affinity, low-residency and high-potency physiological agonist 2-(1‟H-indole-3‟-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE). -NF, a partial agonist was used to test AhR dependency. The effects of these agonists on AhR activation, terminal differentiation, autophagy and expression of cathepsin D (CTSD) in primary human keratinocytes and epidermal equivalents were determined. All three agonists induced AhR activation by XRE-luciferase assay, which was inhibited by α-NF, demonstrating AhR dependence of the ligands. AhR degradation was induced by all ligands and CYP1A1 was induced strongly by TCDD but weakly by β-NF and ITE. CYP1A1 and XRE-luciferase induction correlated with ligand binding affinity; ranking levels of binding affinity as TCDD>β-NF>ITE. TCDD treatment induced a chloracne-like phenotype in epidermal equivalents, with a decrease in viable cell layer thickness and compacted stratum corneum. This was not induced by β-NF or ITE. To investigate the differential effects of AhR-ligands on epidermal equivalent phenotype, we studied differentiation markers filaggrin, involucrin and TGM-1. TGM-1 expression was induced specifically by TCDD while aberrant expression of involucrin and filaggrin were induced by TCDD, β-NF and ITE. AhR activation was not associated with increased apoptosis. Caspase-3 independent cell death has been implicated as a mechanism of decreased thickness of the viable cell layer, so we studied the effects of AhR-agonists on autophagy. Autophagy in keratinocytes and epidermal equivalents was characterised by induction of LC3 II, p62 degradation and transmission electron microscopy. TCDD robustly induced active autophagy, while ITE induced lower levels and β-NF blocked autophagy. TCDD- and ITE-induced autophagy in epidermal equivalents appeared to result in decreased numbers of lamellar bodies, which may account at least in part for the compacted stratum corneum phenotype shown by the TCDD-induced phenotype in epidermal equivalents and chloracne. As CTSD has been implicated in keratinocyte differentiation and an XRE domain has been identified upstream of CTSD, we studied the effects of ligand-dependent AhR activation on lysosomal aspartic protease CTSD expression. CTSD was increased by AhR activity in epidermal equivalents. Induction of CYP1A1 did not appear to be a specific biomarker of chloracnegenic potential of AhR agonists. The data presented have shown differential effects by TCDD, β-NF and ITE on autophagy that we hypothesise contributes to the chloracne phenotype. In this thesis, potential biomarkers specific to chloracne were identified in keratinocytes, TGM-1, CTSD, autophagy and decreased lamellar bodies, although further validation is required.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceBBSRCAstraZenecaGBUnited Kingdo
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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