1,989 research outputs found
Stati di guerra. I bilanci della Lombardia francese del primo Cinquecento
No full textIl volume propone l’edizione critica di tre états des finance dello Stato di Milano, compilati durante la dominazione francese della Lombardia nel primo Cinquecento (1499-1512 e 1515-25), conservati presso le Archives nationales di Parigi. Si tratta di documenti eccezionali per la quantità e la qualità delle informazioni che tramandano, fruibili ad una pluralità di livelli, che consentono di gettare un ampio sguardo su di un periodo altrimenti avaro di fonti, anche di altro tipo. Di qui la
scelta di proporne un’edizione integrale, che intende ovviare all’attenzione piuttosto limitata a essi fin ora rivolta, probabilmente a causa della loro collocazione “intermedia” tra periodi storici, nazioni e ambiti disciplinari. In un’ampia introduzione i due autori, secondo le loro specifiche competenze,
inquadrano il testo: da un lato, si mettono in luce le modalità di elaborazione degli états, le loro finalità e il loro uso, dall’altro, li si analizza in una prospettiva finanziaria, proponendo, oltre
ai dati quantitativi, una riflessione più generale sulla natura e la funzione di questo strumento di governo nel primo Cinquecento. Questo duplice approccio intende superare i limiti di un’analisi
spesso troppo settoriale di fonti di questo tipo, proponendo agli studiosi un solido punto di partenza per più vaste indagini su di un periodo che può essere a buon titolo considerato uno snodo della storia europea. Un cospicuo apparato critico completa l’edizione
Impact of posture and gravity on the cardiovascular system: a validated multiscale modeling approach for ground-based and spaceflight applications
No full textL'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen
Arterial wave dynamics preservation upon orthostatic stress: a modelling perspective
No full textPressure-flow travelling waves are a key topic for understanding
arterial haemodynamics. However, wave transmission and
reflection processes induced by body posture changes have not
been thoroughly explored yet. Current in vivo research has
shown that the amount of wave reflection detected at a central
level (ascending aorta, aortic arch) decreases during tilting to
the upright position, despite the widely proved stiffening of the
cardiovascular system. It is known that the arterial system is
optimized when in the supine position, i.e. propagation of
direct waves is enabled and reflected waves are trapped,
protecting the heart; however, it is not known whether this is
preserved with postural changes. To shed light on these
aspects, we propose a multi-scale modelling approach to
inquire into posture-induced arterial wave dynamics elicited by
simulated head-up tilting. In spite of remarkable adaptation of
the human vasculature following posture changes, our analysis
shows that, upon tilting from supine to upright: (i) vessel
lumens at arterial bifurcations remain well matched in the
forward direction, (ii) wave reflection at central level is reduced
due to the backward propagation of weakened pressure waves
produced by cerebral autoregulation, and (iii) backward wave
trapping is preserved
Cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress: multiscale modeling with focus on the coronary circulation
No full textCardiovascular modeling has shown impressive potentialities in understanding and predicting cardio vascular system (CVS) functioning, disorders and response under several conditions. By adopting a recent closed-loop multiscale model of the entire CVS, we computationally investigated the coronary
hemodynamics response to passive orthostatic stress elicited by upright head-up tilt (HUT). Beside known CVS consequences following passive upright tilting – such as heart rate and blood pressure augmentation, stroke volume and cardiac output drop – we found that coronary blood flow (CBF) was enhanced by up to 18% at 70◦ HUT, in response to a coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) rise of 26%
In silico study of the posture-dependent cardiovascular performance during parabolic flights
No full textSpace exploration plays a crucial role in research and technological advance. Yet, weightlessness entails severe risks for human life that are investigated through both Earth-based and on-orbit experiments. To this aim, parabolic flights are used to study the short-term response of the human cardiovascular system (CVS) to micro- (~0 g) and hypergravity (up to 1.8 g). However, the short flight duration and technical difficulties associated with invasive in vivo measurements allow for the acquisition of a very limited number of hemodynamic variables. To enrich the picture, numerical tools can represent a powerful alternative. In this work, a new validated multiscale model of the CVS is proposed to inquire into global and central hemodynamic alterations – including cardiac mechano-energetic balance – triggered by parabolic flight at different postures (supine, seated and standing). Our analyses show that: (i) gravity-induced CVS changes strongly depend on posture; (ii) central aortic pressure, cardiac work and oxygen consumption indexes are significantly influenced by blood migration between central and lower body regions elicited by gravity variation; and (iii) cardiac efficiency improves during 20 s microgravity, while worsening in both hypergravity phases. Finally, (iv) the role of mildly elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) encountered in 0 g is discussed as a potential risk factor for spaceflight-induced visual impairment
Increased hemodynamic pulsatility in the cerebral microcirculation during parabolic flight-induced microgravity: A computational investigation
No full textGround-based spaceflight analogs play a crucial role to understand and predict cardiovascular alterations during microgravity in a controlled and affordable way. Despite their extensive use in recent years, cerebral hemodynamics in microgravity remains poorly understood, multifaceted, and definitive data are still missing, due to the limited number and different duration of experiments, the individual variability, and the intrinsic difficulty in obtaining direct clinical measures. However, there is growing evidence that hemodynamic changes are among the underlying causes of neurological dysfunctions, such as the Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). We proposed to investigate the cerebral hemodynamics during supine posture parabolic flight by means of a validated computational approach, combining a 0D-1D central-systemic cardiovascular model together with a 0D cerebrovascular model. Present findings showed that, although with over- and under-shoots in the transition from one gravitational environment to the other, beat-averaged pressure and flow rate steady state values did not greatly vary between 0g and 1g due to the cerebral autoregulation. On the contrary, in microgravity there was an augmented hemodynamic pulsatility which increased towards the deep cerebral microcirculation. The greater pulsatility, inducing a higher variability of maximum and minimum values reached within each beat, was here observed for the first time also for important cerebral markers, such as the intracranial pressure, the cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and the cerebral blood flow. The proposed approach offers novel insights on how hemodynamic alterations, such as cerebral hypoperfusions and intracranial pressure fluctuations, can contribute to explain neurovestibular dysfunctions emerging during short-term exposure to 0g, including the onset of nausea, SANS and cognitive fatigue
TUTELA DEL LAVORO E LIBERTA' D'IMPRESA NEI PROCESSI DI ESTERNALIZZAZIONE
No full textL’elaborato analizza le conseguenze lavoristiche della successione fra imprenditori, muovendo da una ricognizione delle varie tipologie di esternalizzazione con le relative esigenze e principali criticità.
L’indagine si concentra in primo luogo sul trasferimento d’azienda, esaminando la normativa e la giurisprudenza europee per passare poi alla disciplina di diritto interno, alle procedure sindacali e a uno specifico focus sul trasferimento delle aziende in crisi.
Successivamente l’autore si sofferma sull’appalto, prendendone in particolare considerazione gli indici di genuinità, i criteri di distinzione dalla somministrazione illecita di manodopera e la tutela delle maestranze in caso di avvicendamento fra imprese.
Da ultimo, la ricerca approfondisce le c.d. “clausole sociali”, sia di prima che di seconda generazione, valutandone la compatibilità con il diritto eurounitario e con la costituzione nonché riflettendo sui possibili rimedi in caso di loro violazione.The author analyzes the labour consequences of the succession between entrepreneurs, starting from a recognition of the various types of outsourcing with the related needs and main critical issues.
The survey focuses primarily on the transfer of businesses, examining European legislation and case-law and then moving on to internal legislation, trade union procedures and a specific focus on the transfer of companies in crisis.
The author then dwells on the contract, taking into account in particular the indications of authenticity, the criteria of distinction from the illicit administration of labour and the protection of workers in the event of turnover between companies.
Finally, the research deepens the "social clauses", both first and second generation, assessing their compatibility with European law and with the constitution and reflecting on possible remedies in case of their violation
L'isola che non c'è. Il ruolo della cartografia nelle controversie attorno agli usi e al possesso degli isolotti alluvionali e delle aree golenali del Ticino al tramonto dell'età moderna
No full textNel corso dell’età moderna, e non solo, la gestione e il possesso delle risorse naturali hanno dato origine a molte controversie, legate al sedimentarsi di diritti e giurisdizioni, all’evoluzione del contesto socioeconomico locale o regionale, ai mutamenti di ordine istituzionale e così via. Questi conflitti tendevano a essere particolarmente frequenti quando la disponibilità di queste risorse stava cambiando, sia a causa dell’azione umana sia a causa di specifiche condizioni ambientali. L’articolo si focalizza su una risorsa particolarmente soggetta a cambiamenti, vale a dire gli isolotti alluvionali fluviali e le aree golenali che, per effetto della naturale evoluzione del corso dei fiumi, si rendevano o meno disponibili all’occupazione antropica, alla rivendicazione giurisdizionale e allo sfruttamento economico. L’area indagata si concentra sul caso del fiume Ticino e sul tratto interessato dai possedimenti dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, una prestigiosa istituzione assistenziale e uno dei maggiori proprietari terrieri della fertile bassa pianura lombarda, dove il controllo delle acque fluviali era molto importante per alimentare la fitta rete irrigua. Tra le fonti primarie sulle dispute per l’uso delle isole e delle aree golenali del Ticino, disponibili nell’archivio dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, abbiamo condotto un’analisi integrata tra fonti scritte, disegni e cartografia, al fine di comprendere meglio l’intricata trama e l’uso sapiente di diversi documenti per attestare i diritti in una disputa
Ultra Low Carbon Vehicles: New Parameters for Automotive Design
No full textAs the influence of vehicle emissions on our environment has become better understood, the UK government has recently placed urgent emphasis on the implementation of low carbon
technologies in the automotive industry through: the UK Low Carbon Industrial Strategy. The overall objective is to offer big incentives to consumers and support for the development of infrastructure and engineering solutions. This scheme however does not consider how the development of functional and experiential user value might drive consumer demand, contributing to the adoption of low carbon vehicles (LCVs) in the mass market.
With the emergence of the North East of England as the UK’s first specialised region for the development of ultra-low carbon vehicles (ULCVs), ONE North East, as a development agency for the region's economic and business development, and Northumbria University Ideas-lab have supported a project to facilitate innovation through the collaboration of technology, research and development (R&D) and business. The High Value Low Carbon (HVLC) project aims to envisage
new user value made possible by the integration of low carbon vehicle platforms with new process and network technologies. The HVLC consortium represents vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers as well as technology based companies and through an ongoing process of design concept generation the project offers a hub for innovation led enterprise.
Whilst new technological developments in areas such as power generation, nano materials, hydrogen fuel cells, printed electronics and networked communications will all impact on future automotive design, the mass adoption of low carbon technologies represents a paradigm shift for the motorist. This paper aims to describe how the mapping of new parameters will lead to new transport scenarios that will create the space for new collaborative research on user experiences supported by innovative technologies and related services
Atrial fibrillation effects on coronary perfusion across the different myocardial layers: a computational analysis
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