1,721,064 research outputs found
EFECTO DEL PRETRATAMIENTO CON MICROONDAS EN LA HIDRÓLISIS ENZIMÁTICA DE LOS RESIDUOS CÍTRICOS PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE BIOETANOL
Full text linkPretatar con microondas la corteza de naranja a potencias y tiempos bajos (2.125 W/g-90 s) permite aumentar el contenido en azúcares fermentables totales para
su posterior fermentación a bioetanol. No obstante, potencias y tiempos mayores degradan los azúcares naturalmente presentes en la materia prima. Estudios
posteriores se realizarán con un prensado previo de la materia prima con el fin de preservar la fase líquida e incrementar los efectos de un pretratamiento con
microondas sobre el residuo sólido
STUDY OF THE OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF KIWI (ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA VAR. HAYWARD) BY DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY
No full textThe role of fruit in a healthy diet is growing because fruits are an important source of
vitamins, antioxidants and basic ions such as potassium or calcium, which are fundamental in an
equilibrated meal. Self life of fruit is short and requires conservation techniques to enhance its
commercial life. In this sense, the online control of conservation treatments is essential to
preserve the compounds with functionality. Dielectric spectroscopy is a good technique to
control polar components such as water and also components with charge such as antioxidants or
ions.
The aim of this work is to analyze the chemical and structural changes in the osmotic treatment of kiwifruit by using dielectric spectroscopy. The osmotic treatment consisted on immerse the samples into 65% (w/w) sucrose aqueous solution at 30oC during 60, 90, 120, 180, 250, 320, 400, 720, 1440, 2000 minutes. Some physical-chemical parameters were measured in fresh, treated and reposed (24h at 30oC) samples. Dielectric spectra were measured in the frequency range from 500 MHz to 20 GHz by an Agilent 85070E Open-ended Coaxial Probe connected to an Agilent E8362B Vector Network Analyzer in the fresh, treated and reposed samples
Vacuum impregnation and air drying temperature effect on individual anthocyanins and antiradical capacity of blueberry juice included into an apple matrix
No full textBlueberries are an important source of bioactive compounds that can be consumed as fresh or processed fruit. The aim of this work was to study the addition of blueberry juice into apple discs by vacuum impregnation and further stabilization of the impregnated apple by air-drying and freeze-drying in order to produce a low-humidity fruit-like natural snack. The effect of processing operations was studied in terms of functional properties. Results indicated that it was possible to add blueberry juice into the structure of fresh apple slices without a negative effect on bioactive compounds. While air-drying operation implied a significant loss of the initial anthocyanin content, the final product stabilization by freeze-drying did not cause any loss of individual anthocyanin content. Results of the different analyses showed the best final product was obtained by freeze-drying or air-drying stabilization at 40 °C
APLICATION OF SAFES METHODOLOGY TO THE OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF KIWI (ACTINIDIADELICIOSA VAR. HAYWARD)
No full textKiwi is an important fruit in the diet because contains vitamins, antioxidants and ions,
fundamentals in an equilibrated meal. Self life of this fruit is short and requires conservation
techniques to enhance it commercial life. In this sense, modern techniques to analyze how
change the product (as SAFES) and how change through the treatment, allow as to develop a
new product with the specific characteristics what are looking for. SAFES methodology
(Systematic approach in food engineering systems) is a technique to describe the structure of
food through any treatment which provides the physicochemical transitions, chemical and
biochemical reactions and energy and mass transports. The aim of this work is to explain how
change the structure of kiwi through the osmotic dehydration with 61,5% (w/v) sucrose solution
at 45oC, at short times from 0 to 300 minutes.
Since the short times of dehydration applied did not allow the equilibration of the system
and there were continuous changes of parameters, only one Matrix of changes was indentified.
Considering the kiwifruit as a biological system compost of cells, pores and intercellular spaces, two types of tissue (vascular and parenchymatic) were individuated on the basis of cell characteristics that can influence the transport. Moreover the different phases as solid matrix and liquid phase were found in both tissues. One of the main ingredients of kiwifruit is water and its distribution was studied by SAFES application. The water sorption isotherm (Moraga et al.,
2006) was used to characterize the adsorbed water in solid matrix, while the sharing out of the liquid water in vascular and parenchymatic tissues was performed by the external volume evaluation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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