1,720,973 research outputs found
Is the economic crisis in southern Europe turning into a migrant integration crisis?
No full textSouthern Europe has been severely hit by the current economic crisis with negative consequences in many areas. In this article the authors try to understand whether migrant integration has also been negatively affected and, if so, to what extent by analysing empirical data. Integration is, in fact, a complex matter, including several aspects which are connected but not automatically related, and thus are potentially different in their reactions to the economic crisis. First breaking down the concept of integration, the authors then compare Italy, Spain, and Portugal, paying special attention to the labour market, migrants’ legal status, and public perceptions about immigration and immigrants. Finally the integration aspects which are more resilient and more sensitive to the crisis are noted, and possible implications for integration patterns of migrants to southern European are pointed out
Immigrants, markets and policies in Southern Europe. The making of an immigration model?
Get PDFThe authors skilfully synthesise the immense research and new findings pertaining to four countries – Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal (Arango, Bonifazi, Finotelli, Peixoto, Sabino, Strozza & Triandafyllidou 2009). They refer to earlier comparative analyses of immigration experiences in Southern European countries with the intention of testing their validity and updating them. In the analysis, They focus on the phenomenon of irregular migration, the mechanisms of migrant workers’ insertion in the labour market and migration policy responses. Special attention is paid to regularisation policies, executed – typical for Southern countries – ex post, as well as to their effectiveness and social costs. Through cross-country analysis, the authors scrupulously examine various aspects of migration related experiences, tracking signs of both regional homogeneity and diversity. Despite the differences with regard to timing, quantity and types of migrant flows or to policy tools, ultimately, they seem to be convinced that a ‘Southern model’ does exist. They stress, however, that the model is dynamic because with time it acquires ever-new dimensions and meanings and includes new social frameworks and new policy instruments
The making of an immigration model: inflows, impacts and policies in Southern Europe
No full textINTRODUCTION
The comparative analysis of immigration experiences in Southern European countries – considering under this designation Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain – is not a novel exercise. Since the early 1990s, the many similarities of timing and other characteristics of immigration in these countries led to the frequent gathering of researchers and policymakers, from Southern European and other countries, to discuss the theme. During a period that culminated in the turn of the century, several articles, books and special editions of journals were released (see, among others, King and Rybaczuk, 1993; Iosifides and King, 1996; Baganha, 1997; Baldwin-Edwards, 1997; King and Black, 1997; Baldwin-Edwards and Arango, 1999; King, Lazaridis and Tsardanidis, 2000; King, 2002; VV.AA., 2004; Ritaine, 2005; and, more recently, King and Thomson, 2008). Many of these references went so far as to designate these new immigration experiences as a “Southern European model of immigration” (King, 2000), which differed in several ways from the model that predominated in other European host countries during the second half of the 20th century, when the Fordist type of capitalism was dominant.
From the late 1990s on, the interest in drawing comparative analysis between the Southern European countries diminished. This is somehow surprising, since the bulk of the inflows to Southern Europe occurred mostly after the late 1990s. Indeed, the framework and underlying immigration factors remained as much the same as before. But during the new century inflows changed some of their characteristics, several new policies were enacted and the overall outcomes of migration, including immigrant’s integration, varied. It seems clear that an updating of those former comparative exercises is currently in need.
The IDEA project provided the framework for carrying such an exercise. This report results from the common work carried out by the IDEA Southern European research teams since the middle stages of the project. The group benefited from the overall discussions of the project, intended to provide a comparison between Western, Northern, Southern and Eastern European experiences. Further work was based on the updated reports in each of the countries and comparisons along a pre-established template. This common work culminated in a productive workshop held in Lisbon in January 2009, where the first version of the current report was discussed. Compared to previous comparative exercises on Southern Europe, this report may be considered innovative on two main grounds. First, it updates information existing in previous studies, pertaining to flows, underlying factors, policies, impacts and outcomes. Second, it benefited from the use of the IDEA common framework.
One of the main theoretical guiding lines of the project is that the explanation of the “dependent variables”, namely inflows (including immigrants’ demographic characteristics and labour market insertion), policies, impacts and integration outcomes, needs to come across a set of “independent variables”. Among others, the latter include the international context during the formative years (“the generation effect”), the degree of recentness of immigration experiences (the “age effect”), the type of labour demand, the socio-economic regime and the dominant perceptions and attitudes. The current report draws on these variables to describe and explain the Southern experiences, stressing its many commonalities but also some national differences.
The next sections are organized as follows. First, the historical background of immigration in Southern Europe will be set, showing evidence of the specificity of both generation and age effects and alluding to the main explanatory factors. Second, a detailed analysis of flows and stocks of foreign immigration will be done. Third, resulting from the centrality of the labour demand variables for explaining immigration in this context, a section will be devoted to labour market mechanisms and immigrants’ labour incorporation. Fourth, the endemic presence of irregular migration in these countries will be described, together with its explanatory factors (including the informal economy and inadequate regulations) and policy attempts to regulate it (ex-post). Next, different aspects of immigration policy will be examined. The fifth section is devoted to labour migration policies; the sixth examines control policies; and the seventh integration and citizenship policies. As it will be seen, in a short time span several policy instruments were enacted in all Southern European countries, confirming at the same time the tentative character of many policies and the need for new approaches, compared to previous European immigration experiences. The eighth section will focus on three types of impacts: demographic, economic and social, particularly reactions from public opinion. Finally, some conclusive remarks will be set, trying to learn from the comparative material and the insights allowed by the IDEA framework. [pp. 4-5
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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