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Energy analysis of the buildings stocks. Scaling from national to regional and urban contexts
Full text linkRevitalizing and sustainable designing. The ancient district representing by Ciyun Pagoda in Ganzhou
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALELe città cinesi contemporanee stanno attraversando un periodo di rapida costruzione e sviluppo, con la scala delle città che si espande gradualmente e le loro infrastrutture che diventano sempre più sofisticate. Ampie carreggiate sostituiscono i vicoli stretti e tortuosi e i grattacieli residenziali sostituiscono i vecchi edifici storici fatiscenti del centro città. Le persone che vivevano qui si sono gradualmente trasferite in grattacieli con servizi moderni lontano dal centro, godendo dei dividendi dello sviluppo urbano ma venendo sfrattate dalle loro zone di residenza originarie.
Le nostre città stanno perdendo la loro unicità e il loro tessuto storico è vulnerabile alla distruzione o alla vera e propria scomparsa per mano del capitale di mercato. Nell'attuale mondo di risorse naturali scarse, il processo di costruzione è spesso accompagnato da una pletora di problemi ambientali come lo spreco di risorse, la congestione del traffico e le emissioni di gas serra.
Ganzhou, una città di medie dimensioni nel sud della Cina con una storia antica e una popolazione densa, ha sperimentato molti problemi simili durante la sua rapida urbanizzazione. L'area del sito da rinnovare presenta un mix di edifici antichi e moderni. Il Tempio confuciano, la Pagoda Ciyun e le abitazioni dei primi del Novecento si mescolano con abitazioni costruite successivamente, in un'epoca diversa; alcune strade sono strette e inaccessibili ai veicoli, con conseguente rischio di incendio; gli edifici storici sono in grave degrado e le nuove costruzioni sono uniformi o imitazioni grossolane e lineari dei monumenti, causando un certo grado di danno all'aspetto della città vecchia.
L'obiettivo del nostro progetto è fornire un nuovo stile di vita ai cittadini e rienergizzare il sito, basandosi su un concetto di costruzione a basse emissioni di carbonio che segue il tessuto urbano e la cultura urbana. Abbiamo ricostruito il sito da tre prospettive: urbana, architettonica e di costruzione sostenibile.
In primo luogo, dal punto di vista urbano, abbiamo analizzato il tessuto urbano e lo stato attuale del sito. Si intende demolire gli edifici che non hanno valore storico, incidono sul tessuto urbano e sono di ostacolo alla vita dei cittadini. Le strade e le reti viarie all'interno e all'esterno del sito sono state poi riordinate, aprendo i nodi di traffico stagnanti e fornendo percorsi per pedoni, veicoli e ciclisti. I nuovi edifici ricuciono il tessuto urbano frammentato, trasformando lo spazio urbano precedentemente congestionato e disorganizzato e fornendo uno spazio di incontro e di relax alle persone.
In termini architettonici, la biblioteca lineare collega la strada esterna e la Ciyun Tower orientata verso l'interno, sia in senso fisico che spirituale. La lunga facciata e la tromba delle scale con il tetto rialzato formano una controparte culturale, in un certo senso, delle mura della città vecchia. Tuttavia, in contrasto con la pesantezza e la chiusura delle mura cittadine, la grande facciata continua in vetro porta trasparenza e attira le persone dalla strada all'area dell'edificio antico. La nuova area a nord combina funzioni commerciali, eventi e residenziali, riempiendo le aree tradizionali di edifici storici fatiscenti sia dal punto di vista funzionale che spaziale.
Per il progetto abbiamo seguito le linee guida del LEED Green Building Rating System e del Chinese Green Building Rating Standard. Il progetto è guidato da sette aspetti: posizione e traffico, costruzione sostenibile del sito, risparmio idrico ed efficienza, energia e atmosfera, materiali e risorse e qualità ambientale interna. Attraverso l'ottimizzazione della disposizione dei gruppi, della forma dell'edificio, dei materiali e della costruzione, si riducono le emissioni di gas serra durante il processo di costruzione e la fase di funzionamento dell'edificio e si aumenta l'utilizzo di energia pulita, aiutando le persone a comprendere più a fondo il significato di edifici verdi.Contemporary Chinese cities are undergoing a period of rapid construction and development, with the scale of cities gradually expanding and their infrastructure becoming increasingly sophisticated. Wide carriageways are replacing narrow, winding alleys, and high-rise residential buildings are replacing old, dilapidated historical buildings in the city Centre. People who used to live here have gradually moved into high-rise housing with modern facilities away from the city Centre, enjoying the dividends of urban development but being evicted from their original living areas.
Our cities are losing their uniqueness, and their historic fabric is vulnerable to destruction or outright disappearance at the hands of market capital. In today's world of scarce natural resources, the process of construction is often accompanied with a plethora of environmental problems such as wasted resources, traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions.
Ganzhou, a medium-scale city in southern China with an ancient history and a dense population, has experienced many similar problems during its rapid urbanization. The area of the site to be renewed has a mixture of old and modern buildings. The Confucian Temple, Ciyun Pagoda, and early 1900s dwellings are mixed with dwellings built at a later date in a different era; some of the roads are narrow and inaccessible to vehicles, posing a fire hazard; the historical buildings are in serious disrepair and the new buildings are either uniform or crude and straightforward imitations of the monuments; causing a certain degree of damage to the appearance of the old city.
The aim of our project is to provide a new way of life for the citizens and to re-energies the site, based on a low carbon construction design concept that follows the urban fabric and urban culture. We have reconstructed the site from three perspectives: urban, architectural and sustainable construction.
Firstly, from an urban point of view, we have analyzed the urban fabric and the current state of the site. It is intended to demolish buildings that do not have historical value, affect the urban fabric and are an obstacle to the life of the citizens. The streets and road networks inside and outside the site were then sorted out, opening up stagnant traffic nodes and providing paths for pedestrians, vehicles and cyclists alike. The new buildings reweave the fragmented urban fabric, transforming the previously congested and disorganized urban space and providing a space for people to meet and relax
In architectural terms, the linear library links the external street and the inwardly oriented Ciyun Tower in both a physical and spiritual sense. The long façade and the stairwell with its raised roof form a cultural counterpart in a sense to the city walls of the old city. However, in contrast to the heaviness and closure of the city walls, the large glass curtain wall brings transparency and draws people from the street into the ancient building area. The new area on the north combines commercial, event and residential functions, filling in the traditional areas of dilapidated historic buildings both functionally and spatially.
Ultimately, we followed the LEED Green Building Rating System and the Chinese Green Building Rating Standard guidelines to reverse the design. The design is guided by seven aspects: location and traffic, sustainable site construction, water and efficiency savings, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality. Through the optimization of group layout, building form, materials and construction, the greenhouse gas emissions during the construction process and building operation phase are reduced and the application of clean energy is increased, helping people to understand more deeply the meaning of green buildings
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
I piani energetici ambientali regionali. Applicabilità degli indicatori proposti a scala nazionale (ISPRA) ed europea (EUROSTA).
No full textAs it is well known, indicators represent effective tools in the aim of designing, monitoring and verifying energy and environmental Masterplans. At this regard, a large number of indicators do exist both at European and country Italian levels which designers can usefully apply to. Anyway, being such indicators released at a general European level, their actual verifiability should be properly checked when them are applied to the local level of a given territory.
In the present work this issue is approached by referring to the Sicilian Energy and Environmental Masterplan (PEARS): on purpose, the themes proposed at European (Eurostat) and country Italian (ISPRA) levels have been compared with those utilized for the drawing of the PEARS. The tool here adopted for such comparison is given by indicators representing the Eurostat themes (Headlines), of which the actual applicability at the Sicilian regional level has been here checked.
From this case-study a marginal applicability of the proposed top-down approach does emerge; insteada bottom-up approach is suggested for the definition of indicators that, in this way, can more effectively catch the specificity of the territory under examination
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The applicability of the indicators proposed by the European and national regulatory framework for the verification of the advancement of the plans: the case of the Energy and Environmental Masterplan of the Sicilian Region.
No full textIndicators are essential operational tools for the preparation of plans, to monitor their progress and for the ex-post verification of the results achieved. As it is known, there is a large corpus of indicators, both at Community and national Italian level, to which designers and planners can refer. However, it remains to verify the effectiveness of general validity parameters in describing the progress of the implementation of plans, which must be necessarily compared with more limited territorial situations. This paper addresses this problem, with reference to the Energy and Environmental Plan of the Sicilian Region (PEARS), comparing the themes proposed at European (Eurostat) and the Italian national (ISPRA) levels with those adopted for the preparation of PEARS. The instrument here used for verification is just composed by the indicators (Headlines) present in the Eurostat topics, of which the actual applicability at regional level has been monitored in order of verifying the degree of achievement of the objectives proposed by PEARS. The comparison shows the not perfect usability of the top-down scheme, for the singling out of the indicators, which must be rather declined in greater detail, according to a bottom-up scheme of intervention, that is able to understand with the suitable specificity the needs of the area under examination
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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