1,720,982 research outputs found
EOI or EOQ? A simulation study for the inventory management of a company operating in the railway sector
No full textThe present paper proposes a study carried out in an Italian company operating in the railway industry, whose aim was to
simulate two inventory management policies, namely the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and the Economic Order Interval
(EOI) and compare the relating results from a set of simulations with historical data. The simulation was carried out on 53
articles (37 raw materials and 16 work in progress). The two models were developed under Microsoft ExcelTM, and their
effectiveness was assessed in terms of amount of effective stock and the total costs associated; specifically, total costs are
composed of three cost items: (i) order/production, (ii) stock keeping and (iii) stock out. Overall, both models returned better
results in terms of economic saving and amount of stock than the current management policy used by the company; more
specifically, the EOQ policy turned out to be the best, and was then selected for being implemented in the whole warehouse
under investigation. Moreover, from a theoretical perspective, the need for a literature review on inventory management models
emerged
The past, present and future of open innovation
No full textPurpose - Through a comprehensive review of the literature on open innovation (OI), this study aimed to achieve two objectives: (1) to identify the main thematic areas discussed in the past and track their evolution over time; and (2) to provide recommendations for future research avenues.
Design/methodology/approach - To achieve the first objective, a method based on text mining was implemented, with the analysis focusing on 1,772 journal articles published between 2003 and 2018. For the second objective, a review based on recent and relevant papers was conducted for each thematic area.
Findings - The paper identified nine thematic areas explored in existing research: (1) context-dependency of OI, (2) collaborative frameworks, (3) organizational dimensions of OI, (4) performance and OI, (5) external search for OI, (6) OI in small and medium-sized enterprises, (7) OI in the pharmaceutical industry, (8) OI and intellectual property rights, and (9) technology. The analysis of the most recent papers belonging to the more investigated areas offers suitable suggestions for future research avenues.
Originality/value - To the best of the authors' knowledge, no review has yet been undertaken to reorganize the OI literature
STANDARD COSTS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF ITALIAN UNIVERSITIES
No full textThis paper aims to take into account the use of standard costs as a basis for the financing of public administration in the areas of health, education, municipalities and local public transport in Italy. The most common example of using standard cost accounting is represented by the public administration since standard cost accounting is the criterion for controlling public expenditure adopted by the Court of Auditors. The main principle that drives reforms on the Standard Costs in the Public Administration believes that it is more appropriate to ask for more sacrifices to those who spend more than what is necessary, its standard needs in fact. For this reason the intention of the Government is to adjust the costs of all the regions to a standard that proves to be the most virtuous in order to avoid waste that in many cases seem to be unjustified. The focus of this paper is mainly on university education, for which, in fact, the Italian Interministerial Decree No. 893 of December 9, 2014 has provided directives through which it is possible to calculate the cost that each Italian university should support for a student enrolled and ongoing with their own years of study. In light of the fact that the Ordinary Financial Fund, FFO, allocated to the Italian Universities for the year 2014 was composed of 20% on the basis of standard costs and 80% of the historical share and since the standard costs will represent 100% of the share of FFO only starting from 2018, from this study will emerge those that are the Italian universities that will be awarded with higher funding than the previous year and which are, on the contrary, those that will be more penalized. The comparison is made using the formulas provided by the decree with the data of five Italian universities with the same order of magnitude and belonging to five different Italian regions, such as: Verona, Parma, Messina, Pavia and the University of Chieti and Pescara. Finally, a further comparison is made with foreign universities, in order to point out the position in which Italy stands at world level with regard to university education in relation to gross domestic product (GDP), the number of out-of-school students and the sources of financing made available to the universities
SUCCESS FACTORS IN UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM A CASE STUDY
No full textThis paper addresses the question of which factors are relevant in determining the development of University-Industry collaboration. A considerable body of studies highlights the relevance of university-industry collaboration (hereafter UIC). In particular, in today's competitive environment, a firm has to catch up with technological progress in order to continuously innovate. This is fundamental for its growth and survival. However, both practitioners and academics agreed in stating that it is difficult for firms to explore new technologies and to develop innovation based only on their (often limited) resources [1].
Thus, it has been recognized that an enhancement of UIC should help companies in this direction. Scholars argue that such collaboration is enhanced by a firm's level of openness to external stakeholders and its absorptive capacity. Absorptive capacity is defined as a firm's ability to assimilate new knowledge and information and apply it for business purposes [2]. The greater the absorptive capacity of a company and its degree of openness, the greater the possibility of realizing collaboration with universities and research centers [3]. Specifically, several advantages have been identified in the extant literature, among them the reduction of R&D costs and risks decentralization. In general, such collaboration is becoming more and more crucial to the success of industrial innovation for most countries. In particular, due to the fact that linkages among universities and industry comprise significant parts of regional as well as national innovation systems, enhanced collaboration between them is crucial for the competitiveness of the country as a whole [4].
To shed light on the question on which the paper is based, the paper followed a two-steps methodology. As first, we developed a review of the extant literature on the success factors in UIC. As second, we developed a case study to shed further light on the identified literature. Specifically, we investigated a case of UIC between a University and some local firms
UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION IN AN OPEN INNOVATION PERSPECTIVE: RESULTS FROM A BIBLIOMETRIC AND KEYWORDS ANALYSIS
No full text
Artificial Intelligence: A New Tool in Operating Room Management. Role of Machine Learning Models in Operating Room Optimization
No full textWe conducted a systematic review of literature to better understand the role of new technologies in the perioperative period; in particular we focus on the administrative and managerial Operating Room (OR) perspective. Studies conducted on adult (>= 18 years) patients between 2015 and February 2019 were deemed eligible. A total of 19 papers were included. Our review suggests that the use of Machine Learning (ML) in the field of OR organization has many potentials. Predictions of the surgical case duration were obtain with a good performance; their use could therefore allow a more precise scheduling, limiting waste of resources. ML is able to support even more complex models, which can coordinate multiple spaces simultaneously, as in the case of the post-anesthesia care unit and operating rooms. Types of Artificial Intelligence could also be used to limit another organizational problem, which has important economic repercussions: cancellation. Random Forest has proven effective in identifing surgeries with high risks of cancellation, allowing to plan preventive measures to reduce the cancellation rate accordingly. In conclusion, although data in literature are still limited, we believe that ML has great potential in the field of OR organization; however, further studies are needed to assess the effective role of these new technologies in the perioperative medicine
INNOVATIVE START-UPS: THE HUMAN ROLE WITHIN AN OPEN INNOVATION APPROACH
No full textThis study aims to deepen our knowledge of the Innovative Start Ups (ISUs) ‘human’ role within open innovation (OI) adoption. To achieve this, we explore how the ISU leader, namely the founder/CEO managerial characteristics influence the ISUs open innovation adoption dynamics (i.e. mechanisms, partners, motives and sequence of adoption). The empirical analysis is based on a sample of innovative startups belonging to San Marino Innovation, the institution that in the Republic of San Marino deals with the promotion and support of the development of innovative startups with international growth ambitions. Starting from recognizing the centrality of the ISU founder/CEO as a pivotal decision maker, asking if, when, who and how to engage in OI, this research seeks to explore the main entrepreneurial founder/CEO managerial characteristics and the influence these characteristics have on the OI adoption dynamics within the ISU. Our findings demonstrate that ISU open innovation adoption is project based: they develop open innovation capabilities on a "project by project basis" and mature as a consequence, thus highlighting the importance of the ‘doing, using, interacting’ mode of learning within ISU OI development. References: [1] Audretsch, D., Colombelli, A., Grilli, L., Minola, T., & Rasmussen, E. 2020. “Innovative start-ups and policy initiatives”. Research Policy 49(10): 104027. [2] Spender, J. C., Corvello, V., Grimaldi, M., & Rippa, P. (2017). “Startups and open innovation: a review of the literature”. European Journal of Innovation Management.. [3] Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., Bakici, T., & Lopez-Vega, H. 2011. “Open innovation and public policy in Europe”
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