1,720,999 research outputs found
Perinatal depression: A study of prevalence and of risk and protective factors
No full textBackground: International literature has shown that Postpartum Depression (PPD) has a significant social and relational impact on mothers and their partners, on the interaction between mother and child, as well as on the cognitive and emotional development of the child. The goal of this study is to increase the epidemiological knowledge of PPD and to evaluate both risk and protective factors.
Subjects and methods: Our study is based on the administration of three tests, Paykel’s Life Events Scale, EPDS and MMPI-2, at three distinct time point (during the third trimester, 72 hours after delivery, and three months after delivery, respectively) to a sample of women recruited in the Prenatal Medicine Clinic at the Hospital of Perugia. The data collected was statistically analyzed.
Results: The prevalence of PPD 72 hours after delivery was 11%, while the prevalence of PPD three months after delivery was 16.7%. Antepartum Depression (APD), measured using EPDS cut-offs scores of 9 and 14, was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for the development of PPD, while desired life-events during pregnancy can represent a protective factor.
Conclusion: The prevalence of PPD that we measured, in agreement with that found in the literature, demonstrates that despite the fact that the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV refer to PPD only if it develops within 4 weeks after delivery, PPD can also develop after this period. Furthermore, it appears that monitoring APD and encouraging a psycho-socially serene pregnancy are important for prevention of PPD. In the case of APD it was shown that monitoring women with even light depressive symptoms is important, because these women are more likely to then develop PPD
PERINATAL DEPRESSION: A STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND OF RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS
Get PDFBackground: International literature has shown that Postpartum Depression (PPD) has a significant social and relational
impact on mothers and their partners, on the interaction between mother and child, as well as on the cognitive and emotional
development of the child. The goal of this study is to increase the epidemiological knowledge of PPD and to evaluate both risk and
protective factors.
Subjects and methods: Our study is based on the administration of three tests, Paykel’s Life Events Scale, EPDS and MMPI-2, at
three distinct time point (during the third trimester, 72 hours after delivery, and three months after delivery, respectively) to a sample
of women recruited in the Prenatal Medicine Clinic at the Hospital of Perugia. The data collected was statistically analyzed.
Results: The prevalence of PPD 72 hours after delivery was 11%, while the prevalence of PPD three months after delivery was
16.7%. Antepartum Depression (APD), measured using EPDS cut-offs scores of 9 and 14, was found to be a statistically significant
risk factor for the development of PPD, while desired life-events during pregnancy can represent a protective factor.
Conclusions: The prevalence of PPD that we measured, in agreement with that found in the literature, demonstrates that despite
the fact that the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV refer to PPD only if it develops within 4 weeks after delivery, PPD can also
develop after this period. Furthermore, it appears that monitoring APD and encouraging a psycho-socially serene pregnancy are
important for prevention of PPD. In the case of APD it was shown that monitoring women with even light depressive symptoms is
important, because these women are more likely to then develop PPD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Poster #M195 THE INTERACTION BETWEEN CNR1 GENETIC VARIATION AND CANNABIS EXPOSURE PREDICTS PREFRONTAL FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY AND BEHAVIOR DURING WORKING MEMORY
No full textBackground: Background: Previous evidence suggests an association between cognition and cannabis use in healthy subjects and in patients with schizophrenia. However, results on this association are not always consistent and they do not always indicate a deleterious effects of cannabis on cognition. Several different factors may be invoked to explain these differences, including the possibility that deleterious effects of cannabis use are best elicited on particular genetic backgrounds. A crucial determinant of cannabinoid signaling in the brain is the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1), which has also been associated with schizophrenia in previous reports and is coded by the CNR1 gene. Here, our aim was to investigate in healthy subjects the association between CNR1 variation and prefrontal expression of CNR1. Once this association was established, we also studied if functional variation in CNR1 and cannabis exposure interact in modulating prefrontal functional connectivity during working memory processing, as well as related behavior. Methods: Methods: CNR1 mRNA expression as a function of genetic variation was investigated in post-mortem prefrontal human tissue using Braincloud (http://braincloud.jhmi.edu/). Based on this investigation, a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs1406977, was selected. Thus, 232 healthy subjects(125males)weregenotypedforthisSNPbyDNAdirectsequencing. Assessment of cannabis use was performed with the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire. Furthermore, all individuals performed the 2-back working memory task during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). A General Linear Model and the Independent Component Analysis approach were used within SPM8 to study functional connectivity as a function of CNR1 genotype, of cannabis use and of their interaction. Results: Results: A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within CNR1 (rs1406977) was associated with CNR1 prefrontal mRNA expression in prefrontal cortex. In particular, G carrier individuals had significantly lower mRNA levels than AA subjects. Moreover, rs1406977 G carrier cannabis users had greater functional connectivity in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) compared with G carrier cannabis naïve and AA cannabis users. Furthermore, G carrier cannabis users also had lower behavioral accuracy and slower reaction time than the other groups. Discussion: Discussion: genetically mediated low levels of prefrontal CNR1 levels may modulate the association between cannabis use and working memory processing in healthy subjects. Relevance of these findings for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia should be further investigated
Traumatic events in childhood and their association with psychiatric illness in the adult.
No full textINTRODUCTION: Child maltreatment is a well-known condition that is currently considered to be associated with the development of severe psychiatric conditions. Consequently, the authors decided to review the current literature in order to give a complete scenario of the situation in the world and to give recommendations about prevention and treatment as well as research goals.
METHODS: An electronic search was conducted through the means of MEDLINE database in order to find the most up to date peer-reviewed papers, including only those papers published in 2015.
RESULTS: 15 papers were included and analyzed the current situation in different countries: US (n.3), Australia (n.2), Ireland (n.2), Israel (n.2), China (n.2), Indonesia (n.1), Pakistan (n.1) and Norway (n.1).
DISCUSSION: Even though sexual abuse has been studied extensively, both physical and emotional abuse and neglect appear to be more represented within the population of patients that had suffered from abuse. Psychiatric disorders (mainly personality disorders, depression and anxiety), interpersonal, social and legal outcomes are important consequences of child maltreatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Interventions and strategies are needed at different levels, from prevention to treatment and further research is important in order to better understand the phenomenon
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