1,720,987 research outputs found
Life cycle assessment approaches applied to energy modelling of urban building stocks: a literature review
Get PDFThe buildings’ sector is one of the major consumers of materials and energy in the world. Thus, the construction of more efficient buildings is a fundamental undertaking to reach a more sustainable future. The evaluation of energy demand during use is no more enough, urban policymakers and urban designers are asking for more broad evaluation scenarios for their aims. The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach coupled with the energy modelling of large building stocks could answer to this request. This paper analyses the main studies available in the literature that apply LCA to large building stocks. The research approach is usually performed in steps: the characterisation of the buildings, the energy modelling and the LCA study. In literature, very few studies performed a full LCA due to the high complexity considering large building stocks
Occupant behaviour (OB) modelling to support urban building energy simulation: an overview
Get PDFThe paper provides an overview of the current state of research on the topic of Occupant Behaviour modelling to support urban building energy simulation, describing the challenges arising when scaling from the building to the urban scale. Available modelling approaches and data sources are discussed and compared to provide readers with a brief modelling guide. Furthermore, research gaps and challenges that need to be addressed in future works are identified, to promote advancement in the field
An Overview Of Urban Building Energy Modelling (UBEM) Tools
Get PDFThe construction of energy-efficient buildings and the planning of suitable energy supply systems are fundamental undertakings to reach a more sustainable future. Decision-makers need evaluation criteria and possible scenarios to establish the best options to decrease cities’ energy consumption. Thus, in the last decade, several tools for Urban Building Energy Modelling (UBEM) have been developed to achieve this result. The aim of this paper is to give a practical overview of the different methods and approaches used by UBEM. The work compares the available and most relevant UBEM tools, to assess their potential and limits. The characteristics of the main UBEM tools are compared with the intent to create a brief selection guide for new users
An Analysis of Building Occupancy Patterns Based on Time Use Survey Data
Get PDFUnderstanding occupant behavior (OB) is crucial for accurate building performance simulations. Most existing tools rely on a single, static set of user schedules, overlooking the inherent variability, and diversity of human behavior. This leads to inaccurate energy predictions and limitations in scaling simulations to urban contexts. This study explores the daily occupancy patterns of individuals across diverse building types using data from the 2013 Italian Time Use Survey. Cluster analysis identifies 18 recurrent patterns distinct for weekdays, Saturdays, and Sundays, further investigated through sociodemographic correlations. This innovative approach focuses on individuals’ daily movements across urban spaces, not just single building types, providing versatile results for diverse case studies and urban scale applications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pattern Recognition And Classification For Electrical Energy Use In Residential Buildings
Get PDFIn the last years, researchers and energy utilities are showing a rising interest in the study and definition of actual buildings’ energy uses. A key aspect of this investigation is the description of daily energy use patterns and their variability over the time. This paper discusses the application of machine learning techniques for pattern recognition with the implementation of a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm coupled with a k-means clustering algorithm on a dataset of registered electrical energy use in a residential building located in Milan. In the study, five clusters emerged with different daily patterns, that can be ascribed to different uses of electric appliances by people inside the flats
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Integrating Occupant Behaviour into Urban-Building Energy Modelling: A Review of Current Practices and Challenges
Get PDFUrban-Building Energy Modelling (UBEM) tools play a crucial role in analysing and optimizing energy use within cities. Among the available approaches, the bottom-up physics-based one is the most versatile for urban development and management applications. However, their accuracy is often limited by the inability to capture the dynamic impact of occupants’ presence and actions (i.e., Occupant Behaviour) on building energy use patterns. While recent research has explored advanced Occupant Behaviour (OB) modelling techniques that incorporate stochasticity and contextual influences, current UBEM practices primarily rely on static occupant profiles, due to limitations in the software itself. This paper addresses this topic by conducting a thorough literature review to examine existing OB modelling techniques, data sources, key features and detailed information that could enhance UBEM simulations. Furthermore, the flexibility of available UBEM tools for integrating advanced OB models will be assessed, along with the identification of areas for improvement. The findings of this review are intended to guide researchers and tool developers towards creating more robust and occupant-centric urban energy simulations
- …
