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A pilot study to assess the feasibility of a submaximal exercise test to measure individual response to cardiac medication in dogs with acquired heart failure
No full textExercise testing is not commonly used in canine medicine because of several limitations. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of a treadmill test to measure the exercise capacity of untrained canine cardiac patients and to measure some biological parameters that might reflect the tolerance of dogs with heart failure to submaximal exercise. The exercise capacity of seven dogs with naturally occurring heart failure was evaluated before the institution of cardiac medication and 7 days after the beginning of the study. An additional re-examination was requested after 28 days. The exercise test was performed on a motorized treadmill at three different speeds (0.5 m/s, 1.0 m/s and 1.5 m/s). The following parameters were measured at the end of each stage and after 20 min recovery: heart rate, rectal temperature, glucose, lactate, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, PVO2 PVCO2pH, haematocrit, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium and chloride. Serum cardiac troponin-I was also measured at the beginning of the test and at the end of the recovery period. Owners' perception reflected the ability of their dogs to exercise on the treadmill. Lactate level increased noticeably with the intensity of the exercise test, and its variation coincided with different exercise tolerance observed by the owners. Heart rate seemed to follow a similar trend in the few dogs presented in sinus rhythm. None of the remaining parameters appeared to be sensitive indicators of activity level in the dogs used in this study. The treadmill exercise test in dogs with acquired heart failure is feasible and might provide useful information for assessing individual response to cardiac medication. Lactate and heart rate seemed to reflect individual levels of exercise tolerance, although further studies are necessary to confirm the reliability and repeatability of this test. © Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2007
Reliability of an incremental exercise test to evaluate acute blood lactate, heart rate and body temperature responses in Labrador retrievers
No full textThirteen healthy Labrador retrievers underwent a 5-stage incremental treadmill exercise test to assess its reliability. Blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR), and body temperature (BT) were measured at rest, after each stage of exercise, and after a 20-min recovery. Reproducibility was assessed by repeating the test after 7 days. Two-way MANOVAs revealed significant differences between consecutive stages, and between values at rest and after recovery. There was also a significant reduction in physiological strain between the first and second trial (learning effect). Test reliability expressed as typical error (BL = 0.22 mmol/l, HR = 9.81 bpm, BT = 0.22°C), coefficient of variation (BL = 19.3%, HR = 7.9% and BT = 0.6%) and test-retest correlation (BL = 0.89, HR = 0.96, BT = 0.95) was good. Results support test reproducibility although the learning effect needs to be controlled when investigating the exercise-related problems commonly observed in this breed. © Springer-Verlag 2009
Murmur intensity in small-breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease reflects disease severity.
No full textO BJECTIVES : To determine whether murmur intensity in small-breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valve
disease reflects clinical and echocardiographic disease severity.
M ETHODS : Retrospective multi-investigator study. Records of adult dogs Ä20 kg with myxomatous
mitral valve disease were examined. Murmur intensity and location were recorded and compared with
echocardiographic variables and functional disease status. Murmur intensities in consecutive catego-
ries were compared for prevalences of congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and cardiac
remodelling.
R ESULTS : 578 dogs [107 with “soft” (30 Grade I/VI and 77 II/VI), 161 with “moderate” (Grade III/VI),
160 with “loud” (Grade IV/VI) and 150 with “thrilling” (Grade V/VI or VI/VI) murmurs] were studied.
No dogs with soft murmurs had congestive heart failure, and 90% had no remodelling. However, 56% of
dogs with “moderate”, 29% of dogs with “loud” and 8% of dogs with “thrilling” murmurs and subclini-
cal myxomatous mitral valve disease also had no remodelling. Probability of a dog having congestive
heart failure or pulmonary hypertension increased with increasing murmur intensity.
C LINICAL S IGNIFICANCE : A 4-level murmur grading scheme separated clinically meaningful outcomes in
small-breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Soft murmurs in small-breed dogs are strongly
indicative of subclinical heart disease. Thrilling murmurs are associated with more severe disease.
Other murmurs are less informative on an individual basis
SERUM CONCENTRATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS MEASURED WITH TWO DIFFERENT NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN DAIRY COWS AFFECTED BY LIVER STEATOSIS.
No full textPossibilità applicative della biodosimetria ambientale mediante la ricerca dei micronuclei citoplasmatici linfocitari nella specie bovina.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Valutazione della concentrazione sierica di selenio nella bovina da latte durante il periodo peripartale.
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