1,720,987 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Revisiting Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B in Broiler Chickens and Turkeys in Morocco: First Molecular Characterization
Full text linkAvian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a significant poultry pathogen with a global presence, primarily causing respiratory issues in turkeys. It also affects chickens, although the severity of its impact is often lessened in this species. In Morocco, aMPV has been detected in broiler flocks, prompting the need to deeply analyze circulating strains to better understand the epidemiology and develop control measures accordingly. This research focuses on the sequencing and molecular characterization of aMPV in these flocks. Additionally, aMPV isolated from turkeys displaying Turkey Rhinotracheitis (TRT) signs was included in the study to compare the findings. RNA extracted from positive swabs was subjected to nested PCR, targeting the attachment protein of the G gene, followed by gel electrophoresis. Amplicons were purified and sequenced using the Sanger method. Bioinformatics tools facilitated sequence analyses, including BLAST for similarity searches and Mega® for phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method with 1000 bootstrap replicates. The investigation unveiled the existence of two distinct clades of the aMPV/B isolates, which originated from used vaccines, all circulating in broilers and turkeys and indicating potential virus transmission between both poultry species. This article presents the first-ever molecular characterization of aMPV isolated from Moroccan broilers and turkeys, encompassing comprehensive investigations on its presence and subtype, and genetic characterization
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Molecular and pathogenic characterization of the H9N2 avian influenza virus and study of the protection conferred by commercialized vaccines of H9 and IBDV co-infections in broiler chickens in Morocco
No full textL'influenza aviaire faiblement pathogène (IAFP) de sous-type H9N2 est une maladie infectieuse et contagieuse des voies respiratoires extrêmement pénalisante sur le plan économique pour la production avicole. Malgré le fait que le sous-type H9N2 est faiblement pathogène, plusieurs études ont montré que la co-infection avec d'autres agents pathogènes ainsi que les facteurs environnementaux peuvent aggraver les infections IAFP de type H9N2, conduisant à une maladie respiratoire très sévère. Les objectifs généraux de ce travail sont, la caractérisation moléculaire du virus de l’IAFP H9N2 au Maroc, et l’étude de la protection conférée par les vaccins commercialisés des co-infections H9N2 et IBDV chez le poulet de chair. Le premier objectif de ce travail était de surveiller et d'évaluer la présence du virus de l'IAFP H9N2 dans huit régions différentes du Maroc en utilisant la RT-PCR en temps réel, et d'évaluer l'évolution phylogénétique et moléculaire de ce virus entre 2016 et 2019. Pour faire cela, des échantillons de terrain ont été collectés dans 108 élevages suspectés d'être infectés par l’IAFP H9N2. Les échantillons ont été analysés par RT-PCR en temps réel spécifique H9. Ensuite, les échantillons hautement positifs ont été soumis à l'isolement du virus et sept isolats ont fait l’objet d’un séquençage du génome complet. Le virus de l’IAFP a été introduit au Maroc en 2016. Nous montrons dans la présente étude qu'en 2018-2019, le virus était toujours présent quel que soit le statut vaccinal. Les analyses phylogénétiques et moléculaires ont révélé des mutations liées à la virulence, bien que nos virus soient apparentés aux virus marocains caractérisés en 2016 et regroupés dans la lignée G1. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à étudier les effets immunosuppresseurs de la souche très virulente du virus de la bursite infectieuse IBDV (vvIBDV) et de différents types de vaccins IBDV utilisés au cours des deux premières semaines d'âge, sur une infection à 4 semaines d’âge par le virus de l’IAFP H9N2 chez le poulet de chair. Dans cette étude, 200 poussins commerciaux d'un jour ont été répartis en cinq groupes et ont été soit vaccinés avec différents vaccins IBDV selon des protocoles standards, soit infectés par la souche vvIBDV au 14e jour d’âge, soit gardés comme témoins. Au 28e jour d’âge, tous les poulets, à l'exception de ceux du groupe témoin, ont été infectés par le virus de l'IAFP H9N2. Les signes cliniques ont été suivis, des écouvillonnages et des autopsies ont été effectuées, et des sérums et des tissus ont été prélevés tout au long de l'expérimentation. VIII Avant l’infection par le H9N2, tous les poulets vaccinés contre l'IBDV ont présenté une diminution statistiquement significative du BBI par rapport au groupe témoin, à l'exception des oiseaux vaccinés par le vaccin vectorisé HVT-IBD. Après l’infection par le H9N2, les poulets vaccinés par le vaccin vectorisé HVT-IBD ont été les moins affectés (signes cliniques et excrétion virale) par l'infection par le virus H9N2, suivis des oiseaux vaccinés par le vaccin hyperimmun et le vaccin intermédiaire plus, respectivement. Troisièmement, nous avions l’intérêt d’évaluer la protection conférée par le vaccin vectorisé trivalent HVT-IBD-ND chez le poulet de chair moyennant une souche vvIBDV. 150 poulets de chair ont été séparés en 5 groupes (A et D vaccinés par vaccin vectorisé trivalent HVT- IBD-ND ; B vacciné par un vaccin hyperimmun ; C : non vacciné contre l’IBDV et infecté avec le vvIBDV et E non vacciné non infecté). Au 28e jour d’âge, les groupes A, B et C ont été infectés par la souche vvIBDV, alors que les groupes D et E sont gardés comme témoin négatif. Pour atteindre notre objectif, différents paramètres ont été retenus. Les résultats ont montré que le groupe A a été le moins affecté par l’épreuve virulente avec le vvIBDV, suivi par le groupe B et enfin du groupe C témoin positif. Mots clés : IAFP, H9N2, vaccin vectorisé, vvIBDV, immunosuppressionLow pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 is an infectious and contagious respiratory disease that is extremely economically damaging to poultry production. Even though the H9N2 subtype is low pathogenic, several studies have shown that co-infection with other pathogens as well as environmental factors can exacerbate H9N2 LPAI infections, leading to very severe respiratory disease. The general objectives of this work are, molecular characterization of the LPAI virus H9N2 in Morocco, and study of the protection conferred by the commercialized vaccines of H9N2 and IBDV co-infections in broiler chicken. The first aim of this work was to monitor and assess the presence of LPAI H9N2 in eight different regions of Morocco using real-time RT-PCR, and to assess the phylogenetic and molecular evolution of the H9N2 virus between 2016 and 2019. Field samples were collected from 108 farms suspected of being infected with LPAI H9N2 virus. Samples were analyzed using H9-specific real-time RT-PCR. Then, highly positive samples were subjected to virus isolation and seven isolates were fully sequenced. LPAI virus was introduced in Morocco in 2016. We show in the present study that in 2018–2019, the virus was still present irrespective of vaccination status. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses showed mutations related to virulence, although our viruses were related to 2016 Moroccan viruses and grouped in the G1 lineage. In a second step, we were interested in studying the immunosuppressive effects of the very virulent strain of Infectious Bursal Disease virus IBDV (vvIBDV) and different IBDV vaccines types used in the first two weeks of age, in case of late infection with (LPAI) H9N2 virus in broilers. In this study, 200 commercial day-old chicks were divided into five groups, and were either vaccinated with different IBDV vaccines following standard protocols, infected with vvIBDV strain at day 14, or kept as controls. At day 28, all animals, except those of control group, were challenged by LPAI H9N2 virus. Clinical signs were followed, swabs and necropsies were performed, and blood and tissues were collected throughout the experiment. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected to assess H9N2 virus shedding by qRT-PCR. Before challenge, all IBDV-vaccinated animals exhibited statistically significant decreased in BBI as compared to the control group, except for birds vaccinated with HVT-IBDV. After challenge with the LPAIH9N2 virus, HVT-IBDV-vaccinated birds were the least affected (lower clinical signs and virus shedding) by H9N2 virus infection, followed by birds vaccinated with the immune-complex vaccine and the intermediate plus vaccine, respectively. Finally, we were interested in evaluating the protection conferred by the trivalent vectorized vaccine HVT-IBD-ND in broilers against a highly virulent strain of avian infectious bursal disease virus. 150 broilers were separated into 5 groups (A and D vaccinated with HVT-IBD- ND trivalent vectorized vaccine; B vaccinated with immune-complex vaccine; C: unvaccinated against IBDV and infected with vvIBDV and E unvaccinated non-infected). At day 28 of age, groups A, B, and C were infected with the vvIBDV strain, while groups D and E were kept as negative controls). To achieve our objective, different criteria were used. The results showed that group A was the least affected by the virulent challenge with vvIBDV, followed by group B and finally group C positive control. Keywords: LPAI, H9N2, vectorized vaccine, vvIBDV, immuosuppression
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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