1,720,977 research outputs found
Red Mark Syndrome/Cold Water Strawberry Disease: emergence in Italy and histopathological investigations.
No full textRMS/CWSD is a severe dermatitis affecting rainbow trout (O. mykiss), firstly described in Scotland in 2003. In the present paper we document for the first time some outbreaks occurring in Italy, by providing an accurate histological description of the lesions. The disease was signalled and surveyed in two farms located in north Italy, during spring period 2011. The water temperature 9°C. The percentage of affected fish ranged between 10-15%, and their size was 450 g. Fish did not present other apparent concomitant signs of diseases, and mortality was absent. The necropsy findings allowed to classify based on the severity, the skin lesions as follows: PATTERN 1, flat and small lesions, characterised by slight desquamation and rare haemorrhages; PATTERN 2, larger than the previous, further sub-divided in 2a, round, slightly protruding, with serous/fibrinous exudates, various intensity of reddening, centrally ulcerated, and 2b, irregular shape, flat or poorly protruding, scarce presence of exudates, marked reddening, centrally ulcerated; PATTERN 3, large, markedly haemorrhagic, swollen, with presence of marginal exudates and deeply ulcerated. Skin tissue samples representative of each pattern were collected, as well as internal organs (heart, liver, kidney and spleen). The specimens were fixed with 4% buffered formalin or Bouin solution, then addressed to histology. Sections were stained with H.E., Toluidine blue, Masson’s Trichrome, Giemsa. Moreover immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using antibodies specific for: pan-cytokeratin, AE1-AE2 cytokeratins, cadherin, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, CD3, CD68. The histological description of patterns is the following. PATTERN 1, slight loss of epidermis, with moderate necrosis, severe monocyte-lymphocyte infiltration in the dermal layer and dermal-epidermal junction, severe lymphocyte infiltration in the subcutaneous layer, involving also the muscle. PATTERN 2a, loss of epidermis in the centre of the lesion, presence of lymphocyte infiltrate and necrosis, in the dermal-epidermal junction presence of necrosis with detachment of the layers. In the dermis spongiosum presence of congestion, haemorrhages, massive infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes, multinucleated cells, high mitotic index and necro-fibrinuous exudate. In the subcutaneous tissue presence of a monomorphic histiocyte-like infiltrate, high mitotic index. The infiltrate involves the adipose tissue displaying granulomatous aspects (panniculitis-like), and involves also the muscle. Often the infiltrate is neurotrophic. PATTERN 2b, in the epidermal layer the pattern is similar to the one observed in PATTERN 2a. In the stratum spongiosum, presence of lymphocyte infiltrate in proximity to scales and within the scale pockets, dermal necrosis, congestion and haemorrhages, presence of histiocyte-like cells. In the stratum compactum presence of a mononuclear infiltrate. In the sub-cutaneous layer evidence of a strong lymphocyte-histiocyte infiltrate, being the latter more abundant. The architecture of the skin and muscular layers is deeply modified. PATTERN 3, the lesions are similar to the previous, but are more severe in terms of ulcerative-necrotic processes affecting skin. The antibody markers did not reveal any positivity, except for cytokeratins and E cadherin at epidermis. The histopathological patterns are dominated by a severe cellular infiltrate, initially composed by lymphocytes and subsequently partially replaced by histiocytes, located in the subcutis. Histiocytosis seems to be the prevalent feature. The dynamic of the lesion proceeds from subcutus, towards the derma to the epidermis (that can be considered an epiphenomenon). It is however interesting the flogistic lesion localized in the dermal-epidermal junction, assimilable to lichenoid-dermatitis features already described in mammals
Red Mark Syndrome in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)farmed in Italy:anatomohistopathological investigations
No full textRed Mark Syndrome in rainbow trout (O. mykiss) farmed in Italy: anatomohistopathological investigations
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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