2,257 research outputs found
Development of the acquisition system and the control environment for the experiment KM3NeT
No full textNella tesi verrà presentato il Sistema di acquisizione dati e Trigger (TriDAS)
dell’esperimento KM3NeT-Italia. Verrano illustrati in dettaglio i vari elementi che
compogono il TriDAS, i vari strumenti utilizzati per l’implementazione del sistema
e il design di ogni componente. Il sistema di controllo dell’acquisizione dati è una
parte molto importante per l’intero funzionamento del TriDAS ed è il punto su
cui questa tesi è focalizzata. Per lo sviluppo del sistema di controllo è stato usato
un sistema di programmazione generico, che generalizza il sistema con lo scopo
di permetterne il riutilizzo all’interno di altri sistemi di acquisizione. La soluzione
adottata migliora l’interfaccia verso l’utente per mezzo dell’utilizzo di web-service
API per il controllo remoto. Questo sistema inoltre permette connessioni di
molteplici utenti contemporaneamente, riuscendo a gestire differenti ruoli per i
vari utenti. Infine, verrano illustrati dei test eseguiti sull’intero sistema per poter
illustrare che il nuovo approccio utilizzato e applicato al sistema funziona ed è
stabile. Inoltre il test dimostra quali siano le prestazioni del TriDAS se sottoposto
a carichi di lavoro realistici.In this thesis the Trigger and Data Acquisition System (TriDAS) for the KM3NeT
Italy experiment is presented. The various elements that compose the TriDAS are
explained with details, together with the description of the software tools used
for their design and implementation. The control system of the data acquisition
is one of the key features of the whole system and it is the core of this work.
For developing it, a general approach has been used, with the aim for possibly
reusing most of the product within other projects. The adopted solution improves
the user interfaces, exposing web-services API for remote steering and control;
it also allows the multi-user connections, managing different privileges for many
user-tasks. Finally, the results of some tests are shown, demonstrating that the
new design and the control system works in a reliable way. Moreover, the test
probes the TriDAS performances under realistic conditions
Medium access control, error control and routing in underwater acoustic networks: a discussion on protocol design and implementation
No full textThe journey of underwater communication which began from Leonardo’s era took four and a half centuries to find practical applications for military purposes during World War II. However, over the last three decades, underwater acoustic communications witnessed a massive development due to the advancements in the design of underwater communicating
peripherals and their supporting protocols. Successively, doors are opened for a wide range of applications to employ in the underwater environment, such as oceanography, pollution
monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, navigation assistance, monitoring, coastal patrol and surveillance. Different applications may have different characteristics and hence, may require different network architectures. For instance, routing protocols designed for unpartitioned multi-hop networks are not suitable for Delay-Tolerant Networks. Furthermore, single-hop networks do not need routing protocols at all. Therefore, before
developing a protocol one must study the network architecture properly and design it accordingly.
There are several other factors which should also be considered with the network architecture while designing an efficient protocol for underwater networks, such as long propagation delay, limited bandwidth, limited battery power, high bit error rate of the channel and several other adverse properties of the channel, such as, multi-path, fading and refractive behaviors. Moreover, the environment also has an impact on the performance of the protocols designed for underwater networks. Even temperature changes in a single day have an impact on the performance of the protocols. A good protocol designed for any network should consider some or all of these characteristics to achieve better performance.
In this thesis, we first discuss the impact of the environment on the performance of MAC and routing protocols. From our investigation, we discover that even temperature changes within a day may affect the sound speed profile and hence, the channel changes and the protocol performance vary. After that we discuss several protocols which are specifically designed for underwater acoustic networks to serve different purposes and for different network architectures. Underwater Selective Repeat (USR) is an error control protocol designed to assure reliable data transmission in the MAC layer. One may suspect that employing an error control technique over a channel which already suffers from long propagation delays is a burden. However, USR utilizes long propagation by transmitting multiple packets in a single RTT using an interlacing technique. After USR, a routing protocol for surveillance networks is discussed where some sensors are laid down at the bottom of the sea and some sinks are placed outside the area. If a sensor detects an asset within its detection range, it announces the presence of intruders by transmitting packets to the sinks. It may happen
that the discovered asset is an enemy ship or an enemy submarine which creates noise to jam the network. Therefore, in surveillance networks, it is necessary that the protocols have
jamming resistance capabilities. Moreover, since the network supports multiple sinks with similar anycast address, we propose a Jamming Resistance multi-path Multi-Sink Routing
Protocol (MSRP) using a source routing technique. However, the problem of source routing is that it suffers from large overhead (every packet includes the whole path information) with
respect to other routing techniques, and also suffers from the unidirectional link problem. Therefore, another routing protocol based on a distance vector technique, called Multi-path
Routing with Limited Cross-Path Interference (L-CROP) protocol is proposed, which employs a neighbor-aware multi-path discovery algorithm to support low interference multiple paths
between each source-destination pair. Following that, another routing protocol is discussed for next generation coastal patrol and surveillance network, called Underwater Delay-Tolerant
Network (UDTN) routing where some AUVs carry out the patrolling work of a given area and report to a shore based control-center. Since the area to be patrolled is large, AUVs
experience intermittent connectivity. In our proposed protocol, two nodes that understand to be in contact with each other calculate and divide their contact duration equally so that
every node gets a fair share of the contact duration to exchange data. Moreover, a probabilistic spray technique is employed to restrict the number of packet transmissions and for error correction a modified version of USR is employed.
In the appendix, we discuss a framework which was designed by our research group to realize underwater communication through simulation which is used in most of the simulations in this thesis, called DESERT Underwater (short for DEsign, Simulate, Emulate and Realize Test-beds for Underwater network protocols). It is an underwater extension of the
NS-Miracle simulator to support the design and implementation of underwater network protocols. Its creation assists the researchers in to utilizing the same codes designed for the
simulator to employ in actual hardware devices and test in the real underwater scenario
FTIR stress response assay could lead the development of industrial yeast strains with high tolerance to lignocellulose-to-ethanol inhibitors. 32nd International Specialized Symposium on Yeasts: Yeasts Biodiversity and Biotechnology in the twenty-first century.
No full textIntroduction. Robust yeast strains with high inhibitors tolerance remain a critical requirement for the production of lignocellulosic bioethanol. These stress factors are known to severely hinder yeast growth and fermentation performance (Almeida et al. 2007). Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR), recently applied in quick bioassays to obtain the metabolomic fingerprint of cells challenged with different chemicals (Corte et al. 2010), has never been used for the phenotypical characterization of industrial yeast strains under stressing conditions.
Materials and methods. A FTIR-based bioassay was employed to explore the yeast metabolomic and viability responses to four inhibitors commonly found in lignocellulosic hydrolyzates: acetic acid, formic acid, furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. Among the 160 previously screened for inhibitors tolerance, three different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were selected as representative for the uppermost, medium and low robustness, respectively (Favaro et al. 2013; Favaro et al. 2014). The strains were assessed for their ability to withstand increasing concentrations of single inhibitors as well as binary, ternary and quaternary inhibitors mixtures.
Results. The yeast reacted to increasing levels of single inhibitors with a strain-specific metabolomic and viability response. Moreover, for the first time, this study highlighted antagonistic interactions between inhibitors, whose effects were confirmed by both metabolomic and mortality values detected for the tested strains. The antagonism of inhibitors mixtures on yeast metabolism revealed to be strain-specific and was measured by qualitative and quantitative parameters.
Discussion. FTIR analysis classified and characterized the selected strains in agreement with the results obtained in previous laborious investigations, demonstrating that FTIR-based assay is a powerful tool for screening and assessing bioethanol industrial fitness in yeast. The antagonistic effects of inhibitors mixtures described in this study are worth of further studies to understand the related mechanism and to assist strain selection towards the development of highly tolerant yeast strains
TUTELA DEL LAVORO E LIBERTA' D'IMPRESA NEI PROCESSI DI ESTERNALIZZAZIONE
No full textL’elaborato analizza le conseguenze lavoristiche della successione fra imprenditori, muovendo da una ricognizione delle varie tipologie di esternalizzazione con le relative esigenze e principali criticità.
L’indagine si concentra in primo luogo sul trasferimento d’azienda, esaminando la normativa e la giurisprudenza europee per passare poi alla disciplina di diritto interno, alle procedure sindacali e a uno specifico focus sul trasferimento delle aziende in crisi.
Successivamente l’autore si sofferma sull’appalto, prendendone in particolare considerazione gli indici di genuinità, i criteri di distinzione dalla somministrazione illecita di manodopera e la tutela delle maestranze in caso di avvicendamento fra imprese.
Da ultimo, la ricerca approfondisce le c.d. “clausole sociali”, sia di prima che di seconda generazione, valutandone la compatibilità con il diritto eurounitario e con la costituzione nonché riflettendo sui possibili rimedi in caso di loro violazione.The author analyzes the labour consequences of the succession between entrepreneurs, starting from a recognition of the various types of outsourcing with the related needs and main critical issues.
The survey focuses primarily on the transfer of businesses, examining European legislation and case-law and then moving on to internal legislation, trade union procedures and a specific focus on the transfer of companies in crisis.
The author then dwells on the contract, taking into account in particular the indications of authenticity, the criteria of distinction from the illicit administration of labour and the protection of workers in the event of turnover between companies.
Finally, the research deepens the "social clauses", both first and second generation, assessing their compatibility with European law and with the constitution and reflecting on possible remedies in case of their violation
Astronomia pavana nel 'Dialogo de Cecco di Ronchitti da Bruzene in perpuosito de la stella nuova' tra commedia, satira, disputatio accademica e poesia
No full textWho wrote the dialectal 'Dialogo de Cecco de' Ronchitti da Bruzene in perpuosito de la stella nuova'? This research essay argues that the real author of the peculiar work was Galileo Galilei, as it is was originally supposed by Antonio Favaro in 1880 and here finally confirmed through an original analysis of the underlying literary references and genres. The young benedictine monk and Galileo's student Girolamo Spinelli, who was believed to be the writer for a long time, is identified as the author's linguistic consultant and "the mask" behind the name on the cover
La leggenda di Dante in Friuli: origine e diffusione
No full textScheda sulla leggenda del soggiorno di Dante in Friuli
The Trigger and Data Acquisition System for the 8 tower subsystem of the KM3NeT detector
No full textKM3NeT is a deep-sea research infrastructure being constructed in the Mediterranean Sea. It will host a large Cherenkov neutrino telescope that will collect photons emitted along the path of the charged particles produced in neutrino interactions in the vicinity of the detector. The philosophy of the DAQ system of the detector foresees that all data are sent to shore after a proper sampling of the photomultiplier signals. No off-shore hardware trigger is implemented and a software selection of the data is performed with an on-line Trigger and Data Acquisition System (TriDAS) to reduce the large throughput due to the environmental light background. A first version of the TriDAS has been developed to operate a prototype detection unit deployed in March 2013 in the abyssal site of Capo Passero (Sicily, Italy), about 3500 m deep. A revised and improved version has been developed to meet the requirements of the final detector, using new tools and modern design solutions. First installation and scalability tests have been performed at the Bologna Common Infrastructure and results comparable to what expected have been observed
Ultra Low Carbon Vehicles: New Parameters for Automotive Design
No full textAs the influence of vehicle emissions on our environment has become better understood, the UK government has recently placed urgent emphasis on the implementation of low carbon
technologies in the automotive industry through: the UK Low Carbon Industrial Strategy. The overall objective is to offer big incentives to consumers and support for the development of infrastructure and engineering solutions. This scheme however does not consider how the development of functional and experiential user value might drive consumer demand, contributing to the adoption of low carbon vehicles (LCVs) in the mass market.
With the emergence of the North East of England as the UK’s first specialised region for the development of ultra-low carbon vehicles (ULCVs), ONE North East, as a development agency for the region's economic and business development, and Northumbria University Ideas-lab have supported a project to facilitate innovation through the collaboration of technology, research and development (R&D) and business. The High Value Low Carbon (HVLC) project aims to envisage
new user value made possible by the integration of low carbon vehicle platforms with new process and network technologies. The HVLC consortium represents vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers as well as technology based companies and through an ongoing process of design concept generation the project offers a hub for innovation led enterprise.
Whilst new technological developments in areas such as power generation, nano materials, hydrogen fuel cells, printed electronics and networked communications will all impact on future automotive design, the mass adoption of low carbon technologies represents a paradigm shift for the motorist. This paper aims to describe how the mapping of new parameters will lead to new transport scenarios that will create the space for new collaborative research on user experiences supported by innovative technologies and related services
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