1,720,980 research outputs found
Sexual violence victimisation among university students in Italy: a gendered intersectional quantitative approach
Full text linkThere is rising attention in Italy and Europe to the occurrence, consequences, and
factors related to sexual violence. The focus on women as the primary victims of
sexual violence has, however, left data collection and research on young men and
sexual minorities in the background. Moreover, young people’s experiences of sexual
abuse in the context of their relationships with peers are hardly recognised as a
policy concern. The ultimate aim of this paper is to disentangle intersectionalities
between gender, migration background, sexual orientation, and sexual experience in
shaping the risk of experiencing sexual violence among university students in Italy.
We use data from the Sexual and Emotional LiFe of Youths (SELFY) survey carried
out in Italy in 2017. Our data confirm that women and foreign-born students are at
higher risk of sexual violence. Our data also support previous evidence that bisexual
women are at a higher risk of sexual violence victimisation compared with peer
students with other sexual orientations. Previous same-sex sexual experience is more
relevant than sexual orientation in shaping the risk. The effect is gendered: the risk of
sexual violence is lower for women with previous same-sex sexual experience
compared with their male peers. The intersection between gender, sexual
orientation, and same-sex sexual experience generate specific high-risk profiles
whose needs should be targeted by support services
The relationship between women’s individual empowerment and the support to female genital cutting continuation: a study on 7 African countries
Full text linkFemale genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is still present in many African countries, as well as a few others. The United Nations has targeted women’s empowerment in terms of both women’s health and gender equality as one of its Sustainable Development Goals. In this paper, we aimed to study the possible link between women’s empowerment and support for the continuation of FGM/C. We used DHS data from seven African countries and considered both the empowerment and FGM/C modules. We selected empowerment variables based on Kabeer’s conceptual framework and used multilevel logistic models to evaluate the putative role of empowerment in support for discontinuing the practice. The multilevel models highlighted the protective effect of education. Other variables, including justification of intimate partner violence (IPV) and having experienced FGM/C, were associated with FGM/C support. The relationship between decision-making and FGM/C support appears complex, while the unmet need for contraception and job conditions do not seem to play a role. Our findings confirm that some aspects of women’s empowerment (education and rejection of IPV) may enhance the discontinuation of FGM/C. However, the relationship between empowerment and support for continuation of FGM/C is complex and should not be treated as self-evident. Thus, using DHS data, we empirically support the UN’s proposal for discontinuing FGM/C through sustaining women’s empowerment
Measuring Gender Gap from a Poset Perspective
No full textDuring the last two decades, interest towards sampling survey on gender roles perceived by the population has significantly grown in developed as well as in developing countries. The micro-perspective of research improves the knowledge of gender discrimination dynamics even among subgroups. At the same time, it stands as a methodological challenge, as this approach needs an adequate statistical method for the analysis of individual data. This contribute aims firstly at offering the opportunity of increasing the knowledge about gender disparities through individual opinions and perceptions. Secondly, it aims at enlightening the pertinence of the poset methodology for the analysis of ordinal variables and response profiles. To this purpose, we collected data about 16 African countries included in Health Demographic Survey and we analysed a battery of questions about decision-making dimension by means of a poset methodology. We summarized the results of the poset analysis by means of descriptive indicators and we investigated their relation with the Global Gender Gap index (GGGI), an official index released every year by the World Economic Foru
Editorial: Women’s empowerment, migration, and health
Full text linkAchieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls in the world is one of the Sustainable Development Goals, as part of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. In this regard, despite substantial progress attained in the last three decades, many challenges still remain, in terms of difficulties in entering University and advanced educational programs, accessing health care, gender pay gap, underrepresentation at the political level, and gender-based violence. These problems and inequalities are particularly evident for women living in developing countries and for migrant women, and may be exacerbated by the effects of the current COVID-19 crisis.
Empowering women is a goal as well as a promoter of development. It can lead women to participate in social and political life; it can promote their effective involvement and lead to equal opportunities in the labor market. This can have a noteworthy impact on health, ensuring better care, social protection and promotion, universal access to sexual and reproductive health, as well as the reduction of harmful practices such as forced marriage and female genital mutilation/cutting. It can also lead to reduce all forms of violence against women and girls in the private and public sphere, thus decreasing the impact of violence. Empowerment can be important for the most vulnerable women, and especially for migrant women, who are particularly exposed to the effects of violence, discrimination, and underrepresentation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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