1,720,964 research outputs found
One-Dimensional Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulfate (SDS) Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Expression of the Endocannabinoid Receptor 1 in Human Stroke: An Autoptic Study
No full textObjective Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death in the world. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is upregulated in several neurological diseases including stroke. A previous animal study demonstrated an increased expression of the endocannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in the penumbra area surrounding the ischemic core, suggesting a crucial role in inflammation/reperfusion after stroke. Regarding the localization of CB1/CB2 receptors, animal studies showed that cortical neurons, activated microglia, and astroglia are involved. Our aim was to evaluate the cerebral expression of CB1R in the ischemic brain areas of 9 patients who died due to acute cerebral infarction in the middle cerebral artery territory. Methods The cerebral autoptic tissue was collected within 48 hours since death. Ischemic and contralateral normal-appearing areas were identified. After tissue preprocessing, 4-μm-thick cerebral sections were incubated with the primary CB1R antibodies (Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI). Thereafter, all cerebral sections were hematoxylin treated. In each section, the total cell number and CB1R-positive cells were counted and the CB1R-positive cell count ratio was calculated. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test was used. Results In normal tissue, CB1R-positive neurons were the majority; a few non-neuronal cells expressed CB1R. In the ischemic areas, a few neurons were detectable. A significant increase in total CB1R staining was found in the ischemic regions compared to contralateral areas. Conclusions We found an increase in CB1R expression in the ischemic region (neuronal and non-neuronal cell staining), suggesting the inflammatory reaction to the ischemic insult. Whether such response might mediate neuroprotective actions or excitotoxicity-related detrimental effects is still unclear
DETECTION OF HPV E7 ONCOVIRAL PROTEIN IN CERVICAL LESIONS BY A NEW ANTIBODY
No full textThe availability of a new E7 mAb based immunohistochemistry (IHC) detection assay, Cervimax, allowed for the first time reliable testing of the E7 protein marker in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from cervical lesions. E7 specific IHC staining patterns were compared with those patterns of cervical cancer biomarkers, including the viral capsid protein L1 and the surrogate biomarkers p16INK4A, p53, hTERT, ubiquitin and Ki67. The use of a tissue microarray of 138 cervical tissue cores from different pathological stages allowed for a first profiling of the various markers in comparison to E7. Cervimax staining patterns closely overlap with those from p16INK4A and hTERT in IHC staining for high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (H-CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).. In SCC, E7 immunostaining matched better to hTERT and ubiquitin profiles. On the contrary, the pattern of E7 and L1 were different in all the squamous lesions. The nuclear staining of E7 significantly discriminates between L-CIN and H-CIN in the basal, parabasal and superficial layers.
The results obtained in the presented pilot study suggest E7 as a valid candidate biomarker for all the stages of the malignant progression of cervical cancer, however more extensive studies are needed to confirm the causal effect of the oncoprotein E7 in the diagnosis of HPV induced diseases. These results also suggest that the diagnostic interpretation of cervical lesions could be increased by the combination of E7 and L1 staining in the evaluation of risk of progression, because related to different phases of viral integration
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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