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Figure 10 in Endangered beauties: micro-CT cranial osteology, molecular genetics and external morphology reveal three new species of chameleons in the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)
No full textFigure 10. DiceCT scan integrated into micro-CT scan of the skull of Calumma gehringi (ZSM 2840/2010), showing the position of the brain below the frontoparietal fenestra. A, lateral view on midsagittal section of three-dimensional model. B, dorsal view on three-dimensional model. C, lateral view on midsagittal section (diceCT only). D, correlation of elevation and presence/width of the frontoparietal fenestra in the Calumma nasutum group, based on data in Table 4. Scale bars: 2.0 mm.Published as part of David Prötzel, Miguel Vences, Oliver Hawlitschek, Mark D. Scherz, Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina & Frank Glaw, 2018, Endangered beauties: micro-CT cranial osteology, molecular genetics and external morphology reveal three new species of chameleons in the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae), pp. 1-28 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2018 (20) on page 21, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx112, http://zenodo.org/record/122648
Calumma juliae David Prötzel & Miguel Vences & Oliver Hawlitschek & Mark D. Scherz & Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina & Frank Glaw 2018, SP. NOV.
No full textCALUMMA JULIAE SP.NOV. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6 A 92 C 95 D- 6383-45DC-9 FFC- 0943 B 08 F 064 F Remark: Despite intensive research at the type locality in January (by L. Randriamanana, F. G. and D. P.), August (by N. Raharinoro, K. Glaw, T. Glaw, J. Forster, F. G. and D. P.) and November 2016 (by A. Rakotoarison and M.D. S.) in the rainy and dry seasons, only female specimens of this new species were found. In total, eight adult females, two subadult females and two juveniles were encountered (but not all of them collected). Holotype: ZSM 143/ 2016 (FGZC 5235), adult female, collected in small forest fragment 5 km east of Moramanga, just south of the Route Nationale 2 (18.9520° S, 48.2707° E, at 950 m a.s.l.), Toamasina Province, eastern Madagascar on 6 January 2016 by F. Glaw, D. Prötzel and L. Randriamanana. Paratypes: ZSM 142 / 2016 (FGZC 5233), FGZC 5232 and FGZC 5234 (two uncatalogued specimens in UADBA), all three adult females, collected from the same location as the holotype (18.9519° S, 48.2705° E, within a radius of 50 m, at 950 m a.s.l.) on 6 January 2016 by F. Glaw, D. Prötzel, and L. Randriamanana. ZSM 254 / 2016 (FGZC 5274), adult female, and ZSM 255/ 2016 (FGZC 5275) and FGZC 5276 (uncatalogued specimen in UADBA), both juveniles, all three collected on 30 July 2016; FGZC 5277 (uncatalogued specimen in UADBA), subadult, collected on 31 July 2016 at the same location as above by F. Glaw, D. Prötzel, and N. Raharinoro. Diagnosis: Male specimens are unknown so far, hence the diagnosis refers only to females of this species. Calumma juliae sp. nov. is a member of the phenetic C. nasutum species group (Prötzel, Ruthensteiner & Glaw, 2016), on the basis of the presence of a soft, dermal unpaired rostral appendage, absence of gular or ventral crests, and heterogeneous scalation on the lower arm, consisting mostly of tubercles of a diameter of 0.7–0.8 mm. Within the group, it is a large (TL 105.3–111.6 mm), grey–beige chameleon that is characterised by a long and distally rounded rostral appendage, a dorsal crest of 11–14 tubercles, occipital lobes that are clearly notched but not completely separated, and absence of axillary pits. Calumma juliae sp. nov. differs from C. fallax, C. gallus, C. nasutum, C. peyrierasi, C. vatosoa, and C. vohibola of the C. nasutum group by the presence of occipital lobes; from C. gehringi, C. guibei, and C. lefona sp. nov. in the completely closed brain case (vs. frontoparietal fenestra); additionally, from female C. gehringi and C. guibei in body size of 53.3–59.4 mm SVL (vs. 47.5–52.3 mm); from female C. gehringi in the shorter rostral appendage of 2.3–2.7 mm (vs. 3.2–4.4 mm); from C. guibei (both sexes) in the notch between the occipital lobes of 0.2–0.8 mm (vs. completely separated with notch of 1.2–1.9 mm; see Brygoo, 1971); from C. lefona sp. nov. (one male) in the shorter (2.3–2.7 mm) and rounded rostral appendage (vs. 5.6 mm, pointed), the absence of a temporal and parietal crest (vs. presence) and the number of dorsal cones of 11–14 (vs. 23); from C. boettgeri (both sexes) by the higher number of large (0.7–0.8 mm diameter) juxtaposed tubercle scales on the extremities (17–19 in line vs. 7–14, diameter of 0.2–0.5 mm and isolated from each other); from female C. uetzi sp. nov. in the larger body size of 53.3–59.4 mm SVL (vs. 42.0 mm SVL in females), the absence of a temporal and parietal crest (vs. presence of both) and the higher number of infralabial scales of 14–15 (vs. 11–12); from its most similar taxon C. linotum by the clearly notched occipital lobes with a depth of 0.2–0.8 mm (vs. not or slightly notched with depth 0–0.2 mm), presence of a dorsal crest in females consisting of 11–14 conical scales in C. juliae sp. nov. (vs. zero in C. linotum and six in C. cf. linotum; one specimen from Andampy), higher number of infralabial scales in females of 14–15 (vs. 12–13), absence of temporal and parietal crest in females (vs. both present), and in generally larger body size in females of 53.3–59.4 mm SVL (vs. 42.7–54.5 mm). In skull morphology, the squamosal and parietal do not meet in female C. juliae sp. nov. (vs. broad in contact in male and female C. linotum (Prötzel et al., 2015); frontal of triangular shape and narrower, e.g. 16.8–18.2% of SkL at border to prefrontal (vs. 22.1–24.4%), 30.7– 31.1% of SkL at border to postorbitofrontal (vs. 34.4– 35.8%) and 25.0–26.3% of SkL bordering the parietal (vs. 32.5–33.6%); also, parietal is narrower at border to frontal with 28.5–29.5% of SkL (vs. 34.1–35.1%). Description of the holotype (Fig. 3 C): Adult female, in a good state of preservation; SVL 55.8 mm, tail length 55.4 mm; for other measurements, see Table 1; distinct rostral crest, laterally compressed dermal rostral appendage that projects forward of the snout tip over a length of 2.7 mm with a diameter of 2.2 mm, rounded distally; 14 infralabial and 13 supralabial scales; supralabials dorsally serrated; no supra-orbital crest; distinct lateral crest running horizontally; no temporal crest; occipital lobes clearly developed and separated but still slightly connected by a notch of 0.5 mm; casque raised; dorsal crest present, starting 4.3 mm from the base of the notch between the occipital lobes, consisting of a row of 12 separated, small conical scales spaced at regular intervals of ~ 2 mm, continuing on the tail with smaller and narrower spaced cones; no traces of gular or ventral crest. Body laterally compressed, with fine homogeneous scalation with the exception of the extremities and head region; limbs with rounded tubercle scales of maximal diameter 0.7 mm; heterogeneous scalation on the head, with largest scale on temporal region having a diameter of 1.3 mm; no axillary or inguinal pits. Skull osteology of the holotype (Fig. 4 C, Supporting information, Video S4): Skull length 13.2 mm; snout– casque length 16.1 mm; broad paired nasals meeting each other; anterior tip of frontal exceeding less than half of the naris and separated from premaxilla; prefrontal fontanelle and naris fused; frontal smooth, and parietal with only a few tubercles; frontal with width of 2.4 mm (18.2% of SkL) at border to prefrontal extending to 4.1 mm (31.1% of SkL) at border to postorbitofrontal; broad parietal tapering strongly from a width of 3.9 mm (29.5% of SkL) at the border to frontal to 0.8 mm (6.1% of SkL) at midpoint, then extending mostly straight beyond the posterodorsal extension of the squamosals, and finally tapering again at its tip; posterodorsally directed parietal does not meet the squamosal; squamosal thin without tubercles. For further measurements, see Table 2. Coloration of the holotype in preservative (Fig. 3C): The body of the holotype in preservative is of dark grey colour without any distinct pattern; inner side of extremities and tail beige; extremities and temporal and postocular region of the head speckled with greyish–blue tubercle scales. Variation: All adult female C. juliae sp. nov. that have been found so far show a consistent morphology and consequently agree well with the holotype. ZSM 254/2016 and FGZC 5234 have a slightly shorter rostral appendage than the holotype, at 2.4 and 2.3 mm (vs. 2.7 mm); the notch between the occipital lobes is deeper in FGZC 5232 at 0.8 mm and less deep in ZSM 142/ 2016 at 0.2 mm (vs. 0.5 mm); the dorsal crest of ZSM 255/ 2016 consists of only nine tubercles (vs. 12); this might be referred to its juvenile developmental stage. In osteology, no significant variations were found. Coloration in life (Fig. 7): Females are indistinctly grey–beige coloured; a netlike dark brown pattern on the skin between the scales and two dorsoventrally compressed blue blotches may occur on the body; tubercle scales on extremities and body may be bright green; rostral appendage not highlighted and of same colour as the body; a dark lateral stripe may stretch from the rostral appendage across the eyes to the occipital lobes. If stressed, only the head coloration changes to dark brown or green pattern at the dorsal head region, eyelids with radially aligned blue/violet spots, and rostral crest and appendage of turquoise/ green colour. Available names: Apart from C. boettgeri and C. linotum, there is no other valid species or synonym in the C. nasutum group with slightly notched occipital lobes. Etymology: D. P. dedicates the first new species he discovered himself to Julia Forster, in recognition of her generous support and understanding of our research on Madagascan chameleons and her help in collecting specimens of this species. Distribution: Calumma juliae sp. nov. has so far been recorded only from a fragment of degraded primary rainforest, covering an area of just 15 ha, east of Moramanga (Toamasina Province, eastern Madagascar; Figs 6, 8 A); for geographical coordinates, see the descriptions in the subsections ‘Holotype’ and ‘Paratypes’ above. The forest fragment spreads over a hill that rises to a maximum elevation of 1010 m a.s.l.; specimens were found only along the trail at 950 m a.s.l., but we expect them to occur on the hill as well. A further specimen was observed just north of the Route Nationale 2 (18.9513° S, 48.2721° E, 950 m a.s.l.) in secondary bushes. Natural history and ecology: Calumma juliae sp. nov. is an arboreal, diurnal species found in bushes and trees in a small forest fragment of degraded primary rainforest. Roosting sites at night were thin branches or, rarely, leaves that were not exposed, but hidden inside tree/bush cover 0.3–2 m above the ground. In contrast to the syntopically occurring population of C. cf. nasutum, the present species preferred a horizontal sleeping position (vs. head pointing downwards). When disturbed, some specimens dropped immediately and stayed curled and motionless on the ground. In appropriate habitat, specimens occurred a few metres from one another. In January 2016, only adult females were collected; in August 2016, additionally subadult and juvenile specimens; in November 2016, only one adult female was found. None of the collected females showed signs of being gravid. The size of the juveniles suggests that they hatched during the rainy season from approximately January to March. Under the occipital lobes of two specimens (ZSM 143/ 2016 and 142/2016) we found three and two mites, respectively; the lobes might function as mite pockets comparable to axillary pits in other chameleon species to limit and locate the damage caused by these ectoparasites (Arnold, 1986). Recommended IUCN status: As no attempts have yet been made to estimate the population size or status of C. juliae sp. nov. directly, we suggest that it should be assessed under the IUCN Red List criterion B (IUCN, 2012). The distribution area of the single known forest in which the species occurs has an area of ~ 0.15 km 2, which we interpret as the area of occupancy (AOO) of the species as defined by the IUCN (2012), but which at present is also equivalent to the EOO of the species (criterion B 1). This constitutes a single threat-defined location (criterion B, subcriterion a). The forest in which it occurs is under heavy active anthropogenic pressure and is, in our opinion, in imminent danger of disappearance [criterion B, subcriterion b(iii)]. As the AOO of the species is considerably 1500 m a.s.l. have one. Additionally, FF also occur in C. peyrierasi and C. tsaratananense (Prötzel et al., 2018; A. van’t Padje et al., unpublished observations); both are montane species that occur> 1900 m a.s.l. (Brygoo, 1971, 1978), the latter of which is certainly not closely related to the C. nasutum group (Tolley et al., 2013). All other investigated Calumma species have a closed skull roof (Prötzel et al., 2018; van’t Padje et al., unpubl.).Published as part of David Prötzel, Miguel Vences, Oliver Hawlitschek, Mark D. Scherz, Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina & Frank Glaw, 2018, Endangered beauties: micro-CT cranial osteology, molecular genetics and external morphology reveal three new species of chameleons in the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae), pp. 1-28 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2018 (20) on pages 15-20, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx112, http://zenodo.org/record/122648
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
<i>Calumma vohibola</i>, a new chameleon species (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) from the littoral forests of eastern Madagascar
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