1,720,976 research outputs found
Sustainable Intensification In Organic Agriculture Through The Use Of Intercropping, Cover Crops And Biostimulants: The GO.BIO Project
No full textTaste quality traits and volatile profiles of sprouts and wheatgrass from hulled and non-hulled Triticum species
No full textWheat sprouts and wheatgrass represent a sort of fresh vegetable for the ready-to-eat market and are acknowledged for their bioactive compounds content. Besides nutritional properties, sensory quality is a crucial issue for consumers' satisfaction. This work reports several sensory traits of sprouts and wheatgrass from five genotypes of Triticum species. Sprouts showed higher soluble solids content (SSC) and SSC/TA (titratable acidity) ratio than wheatgrass. The prevalent volatile compounds of both sprouts and wheatgrass were 1-penten-3-ol, 1-penten-3-one, E-2-hexenal, and 1-octen-3-ol, responsible for green, solvent, earthy, and mushroom odors. Differences among samples were affected more by the growing stage than by the genotype. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Results indicate sprouts and wheatgrass have a strong flavor, which might not be acceptable to consumers. This suggests the addition of sprouts to vegetable-based products, such as salads, in order to enhance the taste complexity while providing valuable phytochemicals. Similarly, the strong flavor of wheatgrass, which is mainly used alone to make juices, could be mitigated by mixing it with other vegetable products or by using it as a garnishment. Overall, the observed sensory traits and volatile compounds represent a tool for a tailored choice of the sprout stage and genotype depending on the desired food specialty (e.g., salad, course garnishment, juice)
Lentil–cereal intercropping in a Mediterranean area: Yield, pests and weeds
No full textIntroducing grain legumes into cereal-based cropping systems can enhance crop
diversification and related factors (e.g., farm N-self-sufficiency). Lentil (Lens culinaris
Medik.) is a minor grain legume species that offers nutritional and other
benefits when incorporated into diets. However, lentil production is often characterized
by low and unstable yields due to drought, pests, and high yield losses during
mechanical harvest. Intercropping is a promising agroecological-based strategy that
may overcome these drawbacks. Our objective was to determine if intercropping (i)
enhanced crop productivity and resource use efficiency, and (ii) suppressed weeds
and bruchid insect pest dynamics. To do this, two lentil–cereal intercropping mixtures
were compared in central Italy during 2020 and 2021 as follows: (i) lentil +
triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm., Forricale) and (ii) lentil + barley (Hordeum vulgare
L., ‘Cometa’). Weed biomass was reduced by 97% because of the competitive
ability of the grass component in intercrops compared to a lentil monocrop (p ≤ 0.05).
Both intercrops reduced bruchid grain loss by 16% and showed higher efficiency than
single pure stand crops (land equivalent ratio >1). Unfortunately, the highly competitive
effect of the cereal reduced lentil yield in intercrops by 59% (−40.3 g m−2, on
average). Our results indicate that cereals should be planted at low densities, or the
spatial arrangement of both species should be modified, to prevent suppression of
lentils in intercrops with barley, triticale, and other small-grain crops
Sustainable management of nitrogen nutrition in winter wheat through temporary intercropping with legumes
No full textInternational audienceAbstractWheat-legume temporary intercropping with legume devitalization in late winter can increase the N self-sufficiency of cropping systems and improve the N nutrition of wheat as a cash crop. However, this practice has been scarcely investigated. In this study, carried out in a Mediterranean environment with cold winters, we compared 14 treatments over 3 years with different weather patterns: (A) pure stands of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 kg N ha−1; (B) pure stands of faba bean (Vicia faba L. minor), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and squarrose clover (Trifolium squarrosum L.); (C) temporary intercrops of wheat and faba bean, pea, or clover; and (D) permanent intercrops of wheat and the same legumes. In the temporary intercrops, all legumes improved the wheat N availability compared with the unfertilized control. The “N effect” of legumes for wheat was consistent across years and proportional to the competitive ability of the legumes, i.e., faba bean > pea > clover. The higher the legume competitive ability, the higher was its N accumulation before devitalization, and the higher/earlier was the N supplied to wheat. Our findings demonstrate that the date of legume devitalization represents a key factor to be managed each year in order to maximize legume N supply while preventing excessive legume competition, which could undermine wheat growth and yield. Such a modulation was not possible in permanent intercrops, where legume competition depressed wheat grain yield. The N supplied with legume devitalization increased wheat grain N accumulation during grain filling. This is the first work comparing temporary and permanent intercrops of wheat with different legumes and over different seasons. Overall, temporary intercropping appears to be a feasible and efficient tool for the sustainable management of N nutrition in winter wheat
Lead stress triggers the synthesis of protecting salicylic acid through polyamine accumulation in the Pb-resistant species Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Cosson
No full textTo assess the impact of polyamines and salicylic acid on the response of Piptatherum miliaceum to lead toxicity, plants were cultivated in nutrient solution containing 500 μM Pb(NO3)2 in the presence or absence of polyamine synthesis inhibitors (D-Arginine 5 mM, cyclohexylammonium 5 mM, methylglyoxal-bis-guanyl-hydrazone 1 mM), ethylene synthesis inhibitor (2-aminoethoxyvinyl-glycine 2 μM) and/or exogenous supplementation of 100 μM putrescine, spermidine, spermine or 10 μM salicylic acid. Although all plants remained alive until the end of the treatment, Pb toxicity induced a decrease in growth and cell viability and an increase in electrolyte leakage. Plants accumulated up to 84.2 mg kg−1 DW Pb in the shoots and 901.6 mg kg−1 DW in the roots. Lead increased endogenous concentration of polyamines and salicylic acid. It increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity (PAL) in roots and shoots and isochorismate synthase activity (ICS) in shoots only. Glutathione increased in response to Pb, as well as root ascorbate and phytochelatins. All inhibitors of polyamines aggravated the deleterious impact of Pb on recorded parameters while simultaneous application of polyamines allowed to compensate this effect. Spermidine restricted root-to-shoot Pb translocation while ethylene increased Pb absorption and accumulation. Spermine stimulated ICS activity in the shoots but not in the roots, leading to high salicylic acid (SA) concentrations in photosynthetic tissues. Salicylic acid stimulated glutathione and phytochelatin synthesis in the roots. Hence, polyamines and SA play a role in Pb tolerance of P. miliaceum but act on distinct targets. These compounds exhibit specific interaction in Pb-stressed organs which differ between roots and shoots
Sprouted Grains: A Comprehensive Review
No full textIn the last decade, there has been an increase in the use of sprouted grains in human diet and a parallel increase in the scientific literature dealing with their nutritional traits and phytochemical contents. This review examines the physiological and biochemical changes during the germination process, and the effects on final sprout composition in terms of macro- and micro-nutrients and bioactive compounds. The main factors affecting sprout composition are taken into consideration: genotype, environmental conditions experimented by the mother plant, germination conditions. In particular, the review deepens the recent knowledge on the possible elicitation factors useful for increasing the phytochemical contents. Microbiological risks and post-harvest technologies are also evaluated, and a brief summary is given of some important in vivo studies matching with the use of grain sprouts in the diet. All the species belonging to Poaceae (Gramineae) family as well as pseudocereals species are included
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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