1,721,302 research outputs found
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins: Volume 42
No full textAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found virtually in every living organism providing an
immediate defence against pathogen invasion and constitute a challenging opportunity
to be developed as therapeutical molecules. Many efforts are actually devoted to bring
AMPs into clinical use especially because of the rapidly worldwide resistance development
to conventional antibiotics. With no attempt to present a comprehensive overview of all
AMPs being assessed as potential pharmacological agents, in this chapter we provide an
overview of the biological role, classification, and mode of action of AMPs; besides antimicrobial
activity, we also briefly describe the modulation of the immune response, the
enhancement of angiogenesis and wound healing, and the prevention of post-surgical
adhesions. We tackle the challenges of developing AMPs for clinical applications, and
present an overview of innovative formulation/delivery strategies. In particular, we illustrate
the relationships between their biophysical features and activities. The current status
and future directions in the development of AMP therapeutics with efforts spanning a
multitude of disciplines from chemistry, physics, biology to materials and contributing to
the development of highly active AMPs are also discussed
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Shapes Healthy Monocytes into An Immunosuppressive Phenotype
No full textBackground/Aims: The physiological phenotype of individuals can influence and shape reallife phenomena in that it can contribute to the development of specific characteristics that can affect the immune response to specific stimuli. In this study we aimed to understand whether the sphingosine/sphingosine-1-phoshate (S1P) axis can modulate the immunotype of circulating cells. Methods: To pursue this goal, we performed bioinformatic analyses of public datasets. Results: The transcriptomic profile of healthy subjects of GSE192829 dataset identified two clusters with different transcriptional repertoire. Cluster 1 expressed higher levels of enzymes for S1P formation than cluster 0 which was characterized by enzymes that lead to ceramide formation, which represent the opposite metabolic direction. Inference analysis showed that cluster 1 was higher populated by monocytes, CD4 + T and B cells than cluster 0. Of particular interest was the phenotype of the monocytes in cluster 1 which showed an immunosuppressive nature compared to those in cluster 0. The role of S1P signature in healthy PBMCs was confirmed with other dataset analyses, supporting that circulating monocytes positive to the ceramidase, unlike the negative ones, had an immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by hub immunosuppressive markers (i.e. TYROBP, FCER1G, SYK, SIRPA, CSF1R, AIF1, FCGR2A, CLEC7A, LYN, PLCG2, LILRs, HCK, GAB2). This hub genes well discriminated the immunotype of healthy subjects. Conclusion: In conclusion this study highlights that S1P-associated hub markers can be useful to discriminate subjects with pronounced immunosuppression. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Cell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH&Co. K
The Outstanding Chemodiversity of Marine-Derived Talaromyces
Full text link: Fungi in the genus Talaromyces occur in every environment in both terrestrial and marine contexts, where they have been quite frequently found in association with plants and animals. The relationships of symbiotic fungi with their hosts are often mediated by bioactive secondary metabolites, and Talaromyces species represent a prolific source of these compounds. This review highlights the biosynthetic potential of marine-derived Talaromyces strains, using accounts from the literature published since 2016. Over 500 secondary metabolites were extracted from axenic cultures of these isolates and about 45% of them were identified as new products, representing a various assortment of chemical classes such as alkaloids, meroterpenoids, isocoumarins, anthraquinones, xanthones, phenalenones, benzofurans, azaphilones, and other polyketides. This impressive chemodiversity and the broad range of biological properties that have been disclosed in preliminary assays qualify these fungi as a valuable source of products to be exploited for manifold biotechnological applications
Management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines
No full text
Peptides and dendrimers: How to combat viral and bacterial infections
Full text linkThe alarming growth of antimicrobial resistance and recent viral pandemic events have enhanced the need for novel approaches through innovative agents that are mainly able to attach to the external layers of bacteria and viruses, causing permanent damage. Antimicrobial molecules are potent broad-spectrum agents with a high potential as novel therapeutics. In this context, antimicrobial peptides, cell penetrating peptides, and antiviral peptides play a major role, and have been suggested as promising solutions. Furthermore, dendrimers are to be considered as suitable macromolecules for the development of advanced nanosystems that are able to complement the typical properties of dendrimers with those of peptides. This review focuses on the description of nanoplatforms constructed with peptides and dendrimers, and their applications
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