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Criticità e tecniche di controllo delle principali avversità fitosanitarie
Full text linkBacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv juglandis and anthracnose, caused by the ascomycete Marssonina juglandis (teleomorph: Gnomonia leptostyla) are considered the major diseases for walnut species. Other well-known diseases of minor impact are the shallow bark necrosis caused by the Gram-negative rod Brenneria nigrifluens, the Armillaria root rot, caused by the basidiomycete Armillaria mellea and the crown and root rot, caused by a few oomycetes belonging to the genus Phytophthora. Many insect pests may also damage the crop and the main ones are the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), the walnut husk fly (Rhagoletis completa) and aphids (Callaphis juglandis e Chromaphis juglandicola). Other insect pests, defined as minor threats are: the leopard moth (Zeuzera pyrina), the carpenter moth (Cossus cossus), scales and mites
BIOCONTROL OF THE BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF WALNUT: IS THERE A CHANCE TO REDUCE COPPER INPUTS INTO WALNUT GROVES?
No full textThe bacterial blight is a re-emerging disease, severely affecting
the productivity of walnut groves. Disease symptoms are observed
on all aerial parts of the host plant, but the most damaging are the
necrotic spots developing on fruits, leading to massive fruit drops,
mainly before endocarp hardening. The causal agent is Xanthomonas
arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj), a gram-negative rod with a worldwide
distribution. The population structure of Xaj includes several morphotypes,
at least five sequence types, and other features confirming
its genomic heterogeneity. Copper resistance is widespread and very
effective among Xaj populations: therefore, disease management
based on copper sprays is not particularly effective, even in cases
of 10-14 treatments during the growing season. The recent, severe
outbreaks reported in Italy are due to two concomitant events: i) the
rapid increase of walnut acreage, especially in the northern part of
the Country and ii) the development of Xaj populations showing
high resistance to copper. Since most of the cultivated walnut varieties
are either highly susceptible or susceptible to the disease, we
tried to implement control strategies based on the use of a single antagonist
or the field application of microbial consortia. Additionally,
innovative agrochemicals, with a reduced copper content, have also
been used. Results showed that: i) microbial biocontrol agents were
able to significantly reduce the disease in the field; ii) innovative
agrochemicals may reduce the bacterial blight, but might enhance
phytotoxicity; iii) a significant reduction of copper inputs is possible,
coupled with an effective disease control in walnut groves
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Cancro batterico dell’albicocco: dalla diagnosi alla difesa
Full text linkLe infezioni di Pseudomonas syringae pv.
su albicocco causano dapprima deprezzamento
della produzione e successivamente il deperimento
dell’intera pianta. Scelta varietale, materiale
vivaistico sano e ambienti con limitata frequenza
di gelate sono i principi alla base di una corretta
prevenzione della malattia, mentre a oggi il rame
resta l’unico agrofarmaco ammesso in grado
di garantire effi cacia battericid
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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