642 research outputs found
The impact of intellectual ability and metacognition on learning: New support for the threshold of problematicity theory
No full textPrins, F.J., Veenman, M.V.J., & Elshout, J.J. (2006). The impact of intellectual ability and metacognition on learning: New support for the threshold of problematicity theory. Learning & Instruction, 16 , 374-387.Three models representing different relations between intellectual ability, metacognitive skills, and learning were compared. The conditions under which each of these models holds were investigated, on the basis of the threshold of problematicity theory (Elshout, 1987). Novice and advanced learners (N = 44) passed through a computer-simulated inductive-learning environment of different complexity levels. Results show that correlational patterns between intellectual ability, metacognitive skilfulness, and learning outcomes of novice learners at the easy level were similar to the patterns of advanced learners at the intermediate level. Metacognitive skilfulness rather than intellectual ability appears essential for learning when learners operate at the boundary of their knowledge
Two George Washington medals: Missing links in the chain of friendship between the United States and the Wabanaki Confederacy
No full textThe author discusses the origins and ownership of two peace medals presented by George Washington
Cameraria landryi De Prins 2012, new species
No full text7. Cameraria landryi De Prins, new species (Figs 6, 29, 30, 124, 154–156, 299, 361, 443, 447) Diagnosis. The forewing markings do not exhibit distinctive characters separating this species from Cameraria varii, but C. landryi is clearly defined by a unique combination of genitalia characters. The male genitalia are easily diagnosed by a well developed tubular juxta, broad, tapering densely setose valva, clifted vinculum, and sternum VIII with two lateral shallow emarginations. Based on the female genitalia, C. landryi can be distinguished from the remaining Afrotropical Cameraria species by the location of ostium bursae in depth of shallow emargination of segment VII. Short and narrow antrum easily separates this species from C. varii and C. fara. Holotype: ♂, [1] ‘Congo Dem. Rep. [Democratic Republic of the Congo] / Bas Congo 320 m / Nat[ure]. Res[erve]. Luki-Mayumbe / 05°37’S 013°05’E / 23.v.2007 / leg. J. & W. De Prins’; [2] ‘Gen. Prep. 3706♂ / De Prins’; [3] ‘MRAC/KMMA / 00417’; specimen ID: [4] ‘ RMCA ENT 000004448 ’; [5] ‘DNA leg voucher / AK-07- 087’, in UM-SI; [6] ‘ Holotype ♂ / Cameraria / landryi / De Prins, 2012 ’, in RMCA. Paratypes: 4♂ and 2♀ (including 2♂ and 1♀ genitalia preparations). Democratic Republic of the Congo: 1♂, Bas Congo, 320 m, Nat[ure] Res[erve] Luki-Mayumbe, 05°37’S 013°05’E, 16.v.2007, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000004450, in RMCA, 1♂, same locality data, 22.v.2007, in BMNH. 2♂, Bas-Congo, 250 m, Luki-Mayumbe Nat.[ure] Res.[erve], 5°27’S 13°5’E, 29.xi.2008, leg. J. & W. De Prins, gen. prep. De Prins 3755♂, 3756♂ (MRAC/KMMA 00488, 00489), descaled head prep. MRAC/KMMA 00529, specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000005201–000005202, in RMCA. 2♀, Bas Congo, 320 m, Nat.[ure] Res.[erve] Luki-Mayumbe, 05°27’S 013°05’E, 22.iii.2007, leg. J. & W. De Prins, gen. prep. De Prins 3705♀ (MRAC/KMMA 00416), specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003294, 000003296, in RMCA, DNA voucher CLV16107, CLV16307, in CCDB. Description. Adult (Figs 29, 30, 124). Forewing length: 2.2–2.4 mm. Head: Vertex slightly tufted projecting ventro-anteriorly with pale-ochreous shiny scales intermixed with darker ochreous; occiput with tufted pale ochreous scales without shine, with a suffusion of a few white scales; frons smooth, shiny white, lateral part consisting of very long white piliform scales reaching from base of antenna to palpus, with some rough scales on clypeus near palpus. Maxillary palpus white, very small. Labial palpus white, drooping, first palpomere with a few small shiny ochreous scales laterally, terminal palpore sharp caudally, directed downwards. Haustellum median, curved. Antenna as long as forewing, consisting of 39–40 flagellomeres, dorsally first basal flagellomere with dark brown elongate scales at apex forming a broad ring, each median flagellomere with dark fuscous apical 3/4 and light ochreous base, apical flagellomeres with 1–5 basal stout fuscous scales, last two terminal flagellomeres dirty white; ventrally flagellum pale ochreous; scape pale ochreous with 6–8 dirty white pecten of different length; pedicel pale beige. Thorax: Shiny ochreous with overlapping shading of pale ochreous at median and posterior sectors; tegulae shiny ochreous with slightly darker anterior sector. Forewing ground colour ochreous with dirty white/black markings consisting of three transverse fasciae, one costal patch and one dorsal strigula and marked blackishfuscous at tornus; short irregular dorsal strigula close to base edged apically by 1–2 rows of black scales running slightly oblique to midline of forewing, first narrow oblique dirty white fascia at 1/4 of forewing, broadly apically edged by black irregularly distributed scales, second fascia at 1/2 of dorsum running towards apex, angled subcostally, width of second fascia is twice broader at costa than at dorsum, irroration of blackish fuscous scales round tip of subcostal angle of second fascia, forming dark ochreous fuscous patch at midline of forewing, brightly white triangular costal patch at 3/4 of forewing, apically edged by narrow row of black scales followed by fuscous patch situated between first costal patch and third fascia; third fascia runs along termen with brightly white and broad costal part, dirty white narrow median part and almost indistinct dorsal part (hardly visible in three specimens), apically edged by irregularly distributed black scales which overlap by transition to fuscous scales numerously present at apical part of forewing, termen area richly covered by dark fuscous scales, tornus ochreous with golden shine; indistinct dark fuscous fringeline runs along termen, but not at tornus, no fuscous-tipped scales present at tornus. Hindwings dirty white with golden shine along costal margin; fringe darker than hindwing long grey from base to middle of hindwing and 1/3 shorter pale grey at apical half, apex of hindwing surrounded by short dirty white fringe with silver shine. Fore femur dark fuscous at basal 1/2 with transition to ochreous at subapex, pure ochreous apical part, fore tibia ochreous, irrorated with numerous tiny dark fuscous scales at basal ⅔ and dark fuscous at apical ⅓, tarsomeres I–IV dark fuscous, terminal tarsomere dirty white with dark fuscous base; mid-femur pale ochreous, mid-tibia dirty white ventrally dirty white dorsally with three blackish patches, small at base, median medially and large one subapically, tibial spurs dirty white with dark fuscous tips and a small dark fuscous median spots, tarsus with three blackish rings: subbasal narrow, median and subapical broadly ringed, tarsomere I white with fuscous median patch and fusous apex, tarsomere II dark fuscous with white apex, tarsomere III white with fuscous apex, tarsomeres IV entirely fuscous, tarsomere V white with blackish base and apex; hind femur shiny pale ochreous, hind tibia shiny pale ochreous at basal ⅓ and blackish fuscous at apical ⅔ with tufted fuscous tipped long piliform scales, medial spurs long pale ochreous with fuscous clouds medially, apical spurs shiny pale ochreous white with blackish subapex; tarsus white with two blackish small spots basally and two blackish rings: narrow medially and broad subapically, tarsomere I white with blackish median spot and apex, tarsomere II white with blackish base and apex, tarsomere III blackish, tarsomeres IV white with blackish base, tarsomere V white with dark fuscous tip. Abdomen: Dark fuscous dorsally, pale ochreous ventrally, genital segments whitish ochreous. Sternum VIII of male middle size broad, trapeziform, squamose, shallow emarginated lateral subbasally and with gently rounded apex bearing a few long setae. Male genitalia (Figs. 154–156). Tegumen moderately sclerotized, elongate subconical, ca. 330 µm in lnegth, slightly shorter than valva, tegumenal arms narrow, strongly sclerotized to ⅔, and extending parallel at subapex, apex blunt, squamose with spinulose subpapical area, crossed by narrow suture at apex, with a pair of apical setae of ca. 90 µm long. Valvae symmetrical, slightly longer than tegumen, ca. 375 µm long, rather broad, sinuating, basal 1 / 5 slightly enlarged, setae free, costal margin sinuates as broad parabol, ventral margin almost straight, cucullus bluntly narrowed, lateral surface except basal densely covered with tubercles bearing long (as long as width of valva) setae. Vinculum small narrow, cleft by juxta, composed of two short triangular parts facing each other medially, saccus short, as 90 µm long, cleft by juxta. Transtilla incomplete with bases of valval costae narrowly produced, but not connected with each other, anellus developed, tubular, strongly sclerotized with slender cylindrical basal part and broad terminal part. Aedoeagus rather long, slightly longer than valve, ca. 400 µm in length, with well dilated coecum part, sharply tapering apically with acute vesica; vesica with thick broad ridge invaginated into aedoeagus. Female genitalia (Fig. 299). Papillae anales flat, very short, not protruding caudally, ringed by basal bar, with abundant long setation as long ca. 160 µm along thickly sclerotized caudal surface and tuberculosae basal bar. Posterior apophyses rather short, ca. 190 µm long, slightly widened at subcaudal part, parallel to each other, reaching beyond ostium bursae, slightly into segment VII. Segment VIII short, weakly united with segment VII, without sclerotized connection ventrally bearing rectangular basal extensions of bases of anterior apophyses. Anterior apophyses slightly longer than posterior, ca. 240 µm long, slender, sharply narrowing towards pointed apex, parallel to each other and slightly broadend at bases, weaker sclerotized than posterior apohyses, reaching subanterior part of segment VII. Segment VII relatively short, more or less rectangular, posterior margin of segment VII squamose, shallow emarginated. Ostium bursae opening at depth of shallow emargination located at posterior margin of segment VII, sterigma small, simple shaped, lamella antevaginalis narrow small wrinkled fold; antrum short, melanized tube-shaped crossed by a small cuticle fold (plate) at anterior part of antrum. Ductus bursae of medium length and girth, almost as long as segment VII, unsclerotized, enlarged distally smoothly transiting to corpus bursae. Corpus bursae elongate-oval, ductus bursae + corpus bursae ca. 1.0 mm in lnegth, with gently rounded caudal part, bearing one strongly sclertotized oval signum area crossed by strongly sclerotized needle-like signum ca. 60 µm long, second signum area round, light squamose ot caudal sector of corpus bursae without conspicuous sclerotized signum. Ductus spermathecae almost as long as ductus bursae, membranous with more or less compact 27-28 convolutions, vesica small, rounded. DNA sequences. Sequence data are available for COI (Molecular sample codes and GenBank numbers: Came: CAD [JN125055], enolase [JN125137], ACC [JN125022]; COI: [JX888171], Cland1 [JX888172], Cland2 [JX888173] Table S1). Etymology. This species is named in honour of Bernard Landry, Lepidoptera specialist at the Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Genève, for his kind supervision and valuable advice extended to the first author over many years. Habitat. C entral African primary rain forest (Figs 443, 447). Host plant(s). Unknown. Flight period. Adults have been collected from late March to late May. Distribution. (Fig. 361). Known only from the type locality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Published as part of Prins, Jurate De & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2012, Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), pp. 1-283 in Zootaxa 3594 (1) on pages 44-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3594.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/605212
Phyllonorycter achilleus De Prins 2012, new species
No full text13. Phyllonorycter achilleus De Prins, new species (Figs 38, 170–172, 305, 367, 441) Diagnosis. Cannot be confused with any other of the Afrotropical Phyllonorycter species, superficially resembles some of the Palaearctic species feeding on Prunus, but external morphology and genitalia are very unique. Holotype: ♂, [1] ‘ Kenya, Rift Valley / m. Prunus africana / Turi, 8000 ft., / e. m. 16.x.1999 / [leg.] D. J. L. Agassiz; [2] Gen. Prep. 3500♂ / De Prins; [3] MRAC/KMMA / 00381, specimen ID: [4] ‘ RMCA ENT 000003125 ’, [5] ‘Holotype ♂ / Phyllonorycter / achilleus / De Prins, 2012 ’, in RMCA. Paratype: ♀. Kenya: Kakamega Forest, 1575 m, 00°20’N 34°52’E, 01.iv.2003, leg. J. & W. De Prins, gen. prep. De Prins 3632♀ (MRAC/KMMA 00380), specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003265, in RMCA, DNA voucher CLV12907, in CCDB. Description. Adult (Fig. 38). Forewing length: 4.3 mm of male (holotype) and 3.2 mm of female (paratype). Head: Vertex tufted orange-ochreous, some lighter yellowish hairs in posterior part, frons shiny white. Labial palpus light fuscous, almost whitish, drooping, 1.5× longer than eye. Maxilary palpus golden ochreous; proboscis yellowish beige. Antennae a little shorter than forewing, ochreous above, greyish ochreous towards terminal part, white beneath; flagellomeres a little darker in their posterior half, but not clearly ringed, pedicel short with whitish anterior and ochreous posterior halves; scape brownish dorsally, white ventrally, pecten short, cilia-like, whitishochreous, as long as scape and shorter. Thorax: Golden-ochreous; lateral sides white, narrow white median line, tegulae orange-ochreous, some white scales towards thorax. Fore wings elongate, ground colour orange-ochreous with shiny white and dark brown pattern, consisting of white basal streak, basal patch, 4 costal and 4 dorsal shiny white strigulae, finely edged with dark brown scales basally. Basal streak slightly longer than 1/3, finely edged with dark brown at costal margin and around proximal part of basal streak; first costal strigula a little closer to apex than first dorsal strigula, narrow, oblique, turned towards apex; second, third, and fourth costal strigulae small, narrow, straight, parallel and of equal size; dorsal patch shiny white, semi-circular on dorsum between base and first dorsal strigula, edged with dark brown scales, first dorsal strigula narrow, oblique, proximal end with dark brown edging elongate in median area of dark brown scales extending to dark brown-blackish apical spot, a small whitish golden stripe consisting of only few scales borders apical spot; second dorsal strigula triangular, shiny white; third and fourth dorsal strigulae very small, inconspicuous, consisting of only a few white scales; termen a little darker than wing ground colour; fringe light fuscous. Hind wings narrow, elongate, pointed, ground colour fuscous, fringe fuscous. Fore femur and tibia dark brownish grey on upperside, light grey on underside, tarsomere I brownish grey with lighter tip above, tarsomeres II–V brownish grey; mid-and hind legs dark unicolours, ochreous-grey on upperside, lighter than fore legs, light grey on underside; mid-tibia with one pair of ochreous-greyish spurs, outer spur half as long as inner one; hind tibiae with two pairs of ochreous-greyish spurs, outer spurs half as long as innes ones; tarsomeres ochreous-greyish, a little darker on uppersides, hind tarsomeres in female slightly lighter than hind tibia. Abdomen: Dark greyish fuscous above, a little lighter towards proximal end, underside lighter greyish. Descaled sternum VIII in males long, narrow with rough margins, gently rounded at apex. Male genitalia (Figs 170–172). Tegumen moderate, lightly membranous, without setation, apex slightly bifurcate. Valvae symmetrical, valva slender, ca. 750 µm long, broadest just before middle, narrower towards base, gently tapering beyond middle, apical third with parallel sides, slightly curved ventrally; central area finely haired, hairs pointed towards base; two long, slender bristles on ventral side before apex, assemblage of strongly sclerotized, short, sharp ended dental macrochaetae in preapical area, a strong, well-chitinized hooked spine at apex, almost as long as greatest valva width, slightly curved dorsally. Transtilla incomplete. Vinculum small, triangular. Saccus as very short semi round appendix visible only at 250× magnification. Aedoeagus shorter than valva, 4/5 of valval length, slender, straight, vesica slightly curved, ending in narrow, projection. One very long cornutus, about 1/2 of aedoeagus length, and rather broad located close to coecum, at ca. 1/2 of aedoeagus diameter. Female genitalia (Fig. 305). Papillae anales wide, semi rounded compressed postero-anteriorly, overlapping each other laterally; covered with round tubercules and long slender setae-like hairs around basal margin; a narrow, but strongly sclerotized line borders base of each papilla anales. Posterior apophyses, moderate runing up to anterior margin of segment VIII, abuting to each other with their tips, basal half about twice thicker than distal half, with sudden transition from thick basal half to very slender and narrow distal half at middle of apophyses posteriores. Segment VIII, moderate, anterior half lightly more sclerotized than posterior half, very weakly connected with bases of papillae anales. Anterior apohyses half shorter than posterior apophyses, starting at anterior margin of segment VIII, without broadened bases or any sclerotized connection with sternum VIII, straight, narrow, parallel to each other with sharp apices, reaching posterior 1/3 of segment VIII only. Segment VII very long, almost parallel sided, sclerotized. Ostium bursae located at anterior margin of segment VII, sterigmatic cuticle sclerotizations not developed. Antrum very short, tubular, straight, ductus bursae very short, broad, weakly sclerotized. Ductus seminalis arising from anterior end of ductus bursae, very short, bulla seminalis small elongate sack, conspicuously smaller than corpus bursae; spermatheca located in segment VII, ductus spermathecae forming 11–13 coils having larger diameter before vesicle. Corpus bursae moderate, slightly rounded, but more or less sacshaped, with a oblonged weakly sclerotized, smoothly edged, signum area with a diamond-like signum of 4 rays, of which one lateral marginal ray elongate, anterior ray asymmetrically bifurcate, other lateral and posterior marginal rays of signum of similar size: broad and very short. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Greek mythological hero of the Trojan War Achilleus (ΆχƖλλƐύς). This name also honours the late Achiel and Maria De Keyser for their kindness and favours to the author of this species. Variation. Females of P. achilleus differently from males are smaller in wing span, background coloration of forewing is slightly lighter, hind tarsomeres pale brownish fuscous, whereas hind tarsomeres of males are darker. Habitat. Tropical rainforest where Guineo-Congolian flora intermixes with savannah plants at altitudes above 1500 m (Fig. 441). Host plant(s). Rosaceae: Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman. Flight period. Adult specimens are recorded from two periods of the year: early April and mid-October. Distribution (Fig. 367). Known only from two localities situated close to each other: the type locality at Albertine Rift, and from Kakamega Forest in western Kenya.Published as part of Prins, Jurate De & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2012, Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), pp. 1-283 in Zootaxa 3594 (1) on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3594.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/605212
Pierre Prins (1838-1913) : Portrait of unknown artist : reconstructing an artistic career, investigating the intergenerational transmission of an artistic legacy
No full textL’artiste Pierre Ernest Prins murmurait ses dernières volontés à son fils unique Pierre Émile : les tableaux invendus qu’il lui transmettait devaient rester dissimulés pendant trente ans. Au bout de cette période, Pierre Émile lui consacre un recueil de souvenirs resté inachevé à son décès. Afin d'accompagner la collection qui revient aux descendants de sa génération, Pierre-René, le petit-fils aîné de l’artiste, achève et fait publier les mémoires de son père Pierre Émile, tout en élaborant un catalogue des œuvres de son grand-père Pierre Ernest. Ce travail interrompu à sa mort est repris et édité par Pierre Édouard, l'arrière-petit-fils du peintre. Pierre Émile affirme que la chronologie de l’œuvre de son père est indissociable de son parcours artistique. L’auteur met également en lumière ses quelques amitiés confraternelles majeures, sans en dévoiler leurs origines. Ces écrits laconiques laissaient supposer qu’à travers la reconstitution du milieu amical et parental de l’artiste, le réseau de sociabilité qui en émergerait devait pouvoir éclairer la motivation ayant dirigée ses pas de paysagiste de plein air. Cette vaste enquête s’appuie sur les documents provenant des archives du protagoniste, de divers fonds privés et publics, doublée d’investigations sur les lieux même de la création. Elle permet de rétablir son parcours artistique et de compléter certains référencements. Les conditions dans lesquels les homonymes du peintre s’engagent autour de son œuvre mettent en lumière les raisons des vicissitudes subies par la collection héritée. Cette étude dévoile par là-même les mécanismes qui ont fait de ce paysagiste pastelliste un des oubliés de l'histoire de l'art.The artist Pierre Prins whispered his last wishes to his only son Pierre Émile: his unsold works were to remain undisclosed to the public for a period of thirty years. In a tribute to the artist, Pierre Émile embarked on a collection of memories, unfinished on the former’s death. Subsequently, Prins’ grandson, Pierre-René completed and published the memoirs of his father. At the same time, he had started to put together a catalogue of the works but again, the project remained unfinished due to its author’s untimely death. It would be Pierre-Édouard, the painter’s great-grandson, who would pick up where his father had left off, completing and publishing the catalogue. Pierre Émile affirms that the chronology of the work of his father is deeply connected to his father’s artistic journey. The author also highlights some fraternal friendships with influential artists but misses information that outlines the origins of these relationships. The reconstitution of the artist's family and friendships reveals a social network explaining the journey of the painter and presenting a more complete reflection of his personality. The published and unpublished data from family archives, leads this study to the restitution of the painter’s life journey. This thesis combines extensive research and in-depth investigation into the places where the artist worked, in order to acknowledge this significant landscape painter and pastellist. The family’s engagement emerging from this investigation explains the issues of the inherited collection and gives an explanation why Pierre Prins has become one of the unsung heroes of the history of art
Cameraria varii De Prins 2012, new species
No full text8. Cameraria varii De Prins, new species (Figs 31, 32, 125, 157–161, 300, 301, 362) Diagnosis. The forewing pattern of C. varii with interchanging three white/black oblique fasciae is a fairly common occurrence within Cameraria, it resembles that of C. landryi, C. fara and the oriental species C. pongamiae Kumata, 1993, C. virgulata Kumata, 1993, C. magnisignata Kumata, 1993, C. borneensis Kumata, 1993, and C. milletiae Kumata, 1993. Male genitalia also fall into the general pattern of Afrotropical and oriental Cameraria, but the diagnostic characters such as narrow spiculose valva, vinculum with short round lateroproximal appendages, and aedoeagus bearing a hook on vesica easily separates C. varii from the other Cameraria species. Female genitalia retain only a pair of apophyses, and bear a highly specific and unique antrum as described below. The combination of those characters facilitates to easily distinguish this species from the other Afrotropical Cameraria. Holotype: ♂, [South Africa]: [1] ‘ Pretoria / 30.x.1968 / L. Vári’; [2] ‘Gen. Prep. 3698♂ / De Prins’; [3] ‘MRAC/KMMA / 00400’, specimen ID: [4] ‘ RMCA ENT 000004276 ’; [5] ‘Holotype ♂ / Cameraria / varii / De Prins, 2012 ’, in RMCA. Paratypes: 1♂, 3♀, [South Africa]: Pretoria, 7.xi.1968, leg. L. Vári, gen. prep. De Prins 3699♀ (MRAC/ KMMA 00401), 1♀ specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004277, in RMCA; 1♂, 2♀ gen. prep. De Prins 3453♀, 3454♂, 3510♀, in TMSA. Description. Adult (Figs 31, 32, 125). Forewing length: 2.5 mm (♂ holotype), 2.3 mm (♀ paratype). Head: Vertex tufted with whitish scales with a light suffusion of a few dark brown and light ochreous scales (dark brown laterally and ochreous medially); several dirty white with dark brown-tipped piliform scales present antero-laterally between antennae, projecting anteriorly, and much shorter pure white piliform scales on occiput projecting posteriorly; a bunch of short light ochreous with golden shine and small dark brown tips piliform scales on occiput, behind eyes; frons smooth, shiny white with a slight yellow shading between antennas. Maxillary palpus small, porrect, white. Labial palpus white, ca. as long as diameter of compound eye, drooping, directed downwards, with a row of dark brown scales along all palpomeres on lateral exterior margin. Haustellum pale beige. Antenna slightly shorter than forewing (ca. 2.4 mm in holotype), flagellomeres mainly pale fuscous at apical 3/4 and light ochreous at basal 1/4, attaining a slightly ringed general view; ventrally flagellomeres pale ochreous; scape ground colour ochreous with 4–5 dark brown tipped scales infused randomly and white patches at apical anterior and apical posterior margins, scape white ventrally with 8–10 white pecten ca. half as long diameter of compound eye; pedicel white with blackish basal band dorsally. Thorax: White anteriorly, light ochreous medially and posteriorly and white at posterior lateral sector; with three forked dark brown lines, consisting of one row of dark brown round scales, running radially from anterior margin; tegulae ochreous with dark brown tipped scales infused randomly and whitish pale ochreous lateral apical margins. Forewing ground colour ochreous; white and blackish brown markings gently interchanging as shorter/longer black/white fasciae/strigulae; first costal strigula close to base of forewing, small consisting of 15–20 blackish scales, having a shape of irregular patch; first dorsal strigula close to base of forewing, long, exceeding middle of forewing, narrow, curved irregularly as a slender line consisting of mixture of blackish and white round scales; first fascia interrupted at subcosta, shaped at costal margin as a white short rod edged on both sides by black scales, shaped as a broad white patch separated by a row of black scales in middle, and sharply curved, narrowed toward apex at midline of forewing, densely edged by conglomeration of black scales apically; second fascia white, narrow, gently curved at midline of forewing, at dorsal part to subcosta edged apically by broad and irregular long band irrorated with blackish brown scales, at subcosta edging band forks into two: one branch crossing white fascia and edging costal part of fascia basally, other branch extending towards apex and fusing with costal patch edging second costal strigula apically; second costal strigula at 3/4, a small semi-round white patch edged by one row of blackish scales basally and by elongate large blackish brown patch apically; third fascia is oblique, narrow white band, running across forewing from 3/4 at dorsal margin to subapex at costal margin, densely edged with several rows of blackish scales apically; dark brown tiped scales marking edge of termen and tornus; fringeline at tornus with blackish-tipped scales; fringe short whitish along tornus, long whitish with slight golen shine along dorsal margin. Hindwings whitish with silver shine, with long whitish pale grey fringe slightly darker shaded than hindwing. Fore femur light fuscous beige dorsally with dirty white subbasal and subapical patches ventrally, fore tibia beige fuscous with an irroration of dark brown scales and with dark brown subapex and white apex, tarsomere I dirty white at basal half and blackish brown at apical half; tarsomere II blackish brown at basal half and dirty white at apical half, tarsomere III dirty white with blackish brown apex, tarsomere IV dark fuscous, tarsomere V light fuscous; mid-femur dirty white with a few small dark brown fuscous patches, mid-tibia dirty white with three transverse dark brown bands encircling midtibia, basal band narrow, median and apical bands broad, tibial spurs white with dark brown subapices, tarsomere I white with dark brown median patch and apex, tarsomere II white with dark brown base and brown apex, tarsomere III dark brown, tarsomeres IV–V dirty white with light ochreous shade; hind femur dirty white irrorated with a few dark brown scales, hind tibia white with brown basal patch irrorated with dark brown scales and large dark ochreous patch irrorated with dark brown tipped scales extending from middle of tibia to apex, tibial spurs white with dark brown median patches, hind tarsus white with a blackish small spot basally and three blackish rings of median width, tarsomere I white with small median and large apical dark brown patches, tarsomeres II–III white with dark brown apices, tarsomeres IV–V white. Abdomen: Dark grey dorsally, except genital terga which are lighter and have silvery shine. Ground colour of sterna exept terminal ones are lighter of terga but sterna are densely irrorated with dark brow scales forming large median and subanterior patches. Posterior margin of sterna is without dark brown irroration. Sternum VIII of male middle size broad, trapezoid shaped. Male genitalia (Figs 157–161). Tegumen very long, ca. 770 µm, as long as valva, narrow, with broad sclerotized arms having strongly sclerotized lateral margins which join transversally at basal 1/3 of tegumen forming a large cavity; from midden to apex tegumen is shaped as conus with slightly thicker lateral folds; second transversal junction at apical 1/3 of tegumen without forming a cavity but with two lateral small folds; apical 1/3 of tegumen is flexible, soft, forming several lateral folds, apex of tegumen setose bearing a sector of short stiff microtrichiae inserted in round deep tubercules (visible at 400× enlargement) and a pair of larger stiff short (could be broken in holotype) setae at latero-apical sector of tegumen (clearly visible at 100–200× enlargement). Valvae symmetrical, long, ca. 750 µm; narrow, almost straight, slightly narrowed medially with cucullus area gently enlarged and terminating with rounded apex; sharp, pointed, short, thick microspinules seldom distributed on apical and median surface to subbase mostly along ventral margin; narrow suture extending longitudinally along median surface of valva. Vinculum strongly sclerotized, rather broad, H-shaped, with two lateroapical broad and short appendages rounded distally, projecting cephalad; saccus strongly sclerotized long, ca. 400 µm, narrow to distal sector, caudally bulbous. Transtilla sclerotized, rather narrow, flexible, somewhat trapezoidal-rounded. Aedoeagus long, slightly shorter than valva, ca. 615 µm, broad at coecum, tapering towards vesica; vesica with two soft overlapping folds, longer 90 µm at basal part of vesica and shorter 55 µm towards apex; sharp, strongly sclerotized, semicircal hook on apex of vesica. Female genitalia (Figs 300, 301). Papillae anales, compressed with a setose caudal end; basal part densely setose by disorderly distributed setae. Posterior apophyses long (ca. 330 µm), slender, straight, slightly tapering at apices, reaching anterior margin of segment VII, apices blunt. Anterior apophyses not perceptable. Segment VII more or less rectangular-shaped with strongly sclerotized ring encircling anterior margin. Ostium bursae located at posterior margin of segment VII, antrum broad and long, shaped as elongate sac, slightly shorter than length of segment VII, well sclerotized, especially anterior part of antrum which is densely covered with numerous tiny pectinate microspicules. Ductus bursae long, weakly sclerotized (abrupted in paratype preparation) narrow along most of length but enlarging anteriorly at junction with corpus bursae; crossed by sclerotized triangular plate near anterior margin of antrum. Corpus bursae nearly round, medium sized, ca. 220 × 175 µm, with a smooth rounded signum ca. 77 µm in diameter with more heavily sclerotized posterior margin. Bulla spermathecae oval, rather large, ca. 100 µm, located in segment VI, ductus spermathecae ca. 390 µm long formed of 43 coils of almost equal diameter, terminating in subanterior sector of segment VII; anterior part of ductus spermathecae broad uncoiled, as broad as half of diameter of bulla spermathecae. Etymology. The specific name honours the late Dr. Lajos Vári, an outstanding lepidopterist and a prominent figure of African Gracillariidae at the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria who collected and kindly donated the type series to the first author indicating the novelty of this species. Variation. A slight variation in intensity of blackish scales on the markings of forewing was observed in type series. Forewing along termen of female is slightly more irrorated with blackish scales than forwing along termen of male. Habitat. Urban area of Pretoria city (South Africa). Host plant(s). Unknown. Flight period. Adults have been collected from late October to early November. Distribution (Fig. 362). Currently known only from the type locality in South Africa.Published as part of Prins, Jurate De & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2012, Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), pp. 1-283 in Zootaxa 3594 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3594.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/605212
Phyllonorycter fletcheri De Prins 2012, new species
No full text51. Phyllonorycter fletcheri De Prins, new species (Figs 101, 259–261, 402) Diagnosis. Phyllonorycter fletcheri closely resembles P. rhynchosiae and P. maererei. The fascia situated medially is strictly angulated, oblique towards apex in P. rhynchosiae and slightly bent with narrow straight subcostal portion and very broad triangular sudorsal portion in P. fletcheri. All three palpomeres in P. fletcheri carry dark brown scales whereas in P. rhynchosiae only terminal palpomere with dark brown scales. Thorax whitish in P. fletcheri and ochreous with a curved white line in P. rhynchosiae. The specimen of P. maererei is in poor condition to compare the external characters in detail. Valva in P. fletcheri is proportionally wider than in P. rhynchosiae and in P. maererei. It is 2.7× longer than broad in P. fletcheri and it is 4.7×longer than broad in P. rhynchosiae and 4.0× in P. maererei. Valval ventral projection is trapezoid shaped in P. fletcheri, in P. rhynchosiae it is harp-shaped, and it is hockey stick-shaped in P. maererei. The shape of valva and its projection resemble these of P. encaeria, however, in P. encaeria saccus is ca. 2× shorter than valva. Saccus in P. fletcheri is 1.2× longer than valva; it is 1.4× longer in P. rhynchosiae and as long as valva in P. maererei. Aedoeagus more than ca. 2× longer than valva in P. rhynchosiae and P. fletcheri and it is 1.7× longer in P. maererei. The apical third of aedoeagus in P. fletcheri differs from P. maererei in that it is squamose and lacks a cornutus. Lateral process of transtilla terminates with large rounded club in P. fletcheri; obtuse in P. rhynchosiae and P. maererei. Holotype: ♂, [1] ‘ Uganda Ruwenzori Range / Ibanda, 4,700 ft. / 4–12.ix.1952 / [leg.] D. S. Fletcher’ / [2] ‘Ruwenzori Exped[ition]. / B[ritish].M[useum]. 1952-566’; [3] ‘Gen. Prep. 3653♂ / De Prins’; [4] ‘ BMNH 32533 ’; [5] ‘Holotype ♂ / Phyllonorycter / fletcheri / De Prins, 2012 ’, in BMNH. Description. Adult (Fig. 101). Forewing length: 2.6 mm. Head: Vertex tufted, with shorter ochreous appressed scales, with a tuft of longer white, piliform scales directed radially on occiput; frons white shiny from antennae along eyes and light creamy in central part of frontoclypeus. Labial palpi directed downwards, dirty white on inner margin, pale ochreous frontally, lateral outer margin of palpomeres I and II with row of ochreous apically dark brown tipped scales, terminal palpomere sharply pointed, apex white. Maxillary palpi small, pale beige; haustellum with one large curve, pale beige, base darker shiny beige. Antenna slightly shorter than forewing, consisting of 36 flagellomeres dorsally ochreous greyish with slightly brownish apices (except first two flagellomeres), ventrally dark ochreous, terminal flagellomere brownish fuscous; scape white anteriorly and ochreous posteriorly with 13–14 long, longer than half of eye pecten; pedicel and first flagellomere white. Thorax: White anteriorly with pale ochreous shading medially, posterior half ochreous, tegulae ochreous with white apices. Forewing elongate, ground colour golden ochreous white markings consisting short basal streak, two angulated fasciae, two costal and one dorsal strigulae; basal streak oblique towards apex, not edged, first fascia at 1/4, angulated, lightly edged basally with a few black scales, second fascia at 1/2, basal margin ark shaped, apical margin angulated, broad, clearly edged with large dark brown round scales basally and a few small scales apically, first costal strigula at 3/4, triangular shaped, not reaching midline of forewing, edged basally, first dorsal strigula at 3/4, opposite first costal strigula, edged basally, second costal strigula at apex, narrow stripe shaped, without expressed edging, an irroration of dark brown scales separates first costal and first dorsal strigulae and extends to termen; fringe pale ochreous at tornus pale grey, slightly longer. Hindwing pale fuscous, fringe pale fuscous with ochreous shading. Fore femur ochreous suffused with dark fuscous, tibia dark fuscous, tarsomeres I and II fuscous with dirty white bases, tarsomeres III–IV dark fuscous, terminal tarsomere grey. Midfemur and tibia fuscous dorsally dirty white ventrally, tibial spurs short fuscous, tarsomere I fuscous with very small basal dirty white patch, rest of tarsomeres pale whitish ochreous. Hindlegs broken and not available for description. Abdomen: Greyish fuscous dorsally, whitish, without conspicuous sex-scaling ventrally. Eighth sternum of male moderate, rounded caudally. Male genitalia (Figs 259–261). Tegumen lightly sclerotized, ca. 280 µm long, triangular, arms forming elongate inverted V, narrowly connected at apex, apex covered with numerous very short straight slender microtrichiae, tuba analis not protruding. Valvae symmetrical, of moderate width, as long as tegument, ca. 280 µm long and ca. 100 µm wide at medially basad valval projection, and ca. half as wide as aedoeagus, slightly concave at middle of dorsal margin with a light lump at 3/5, valval distal part of dorsal margin with oblique declivity to apex; costal margin thickly sclerotized to about half of valval length; apex gently rounded; ventral margin of valva gently curved; moderately covered with slender sclerotized setae of moderate length; two sclerotized folds connect ventral valval surface with weakly sclerotized ventral valval projection; ventral valval projection broad trapezoid shaped, extended beyond median valval surface, subapical and apical surface of ventral projection covered with numerous short and slender setae. Vinculum moderate, U-shaped, thickly sclerotized, especially laterally, significantly broadening at middle of caudal sector; saccus slender, longer than valva, ca. 340 µm long, straight along entire length, blunt caudally. Transtilla well developed, U-shaped, complete, broad, approximately as long and broad as vinculum; two lateral processes of transtilla with large rounded club on cephalic margin. Aedoeagus about twice as long as valva, ca. 585 µm, of moderate width, parallel-sided, gradually tapering, becoming slender and straight at distal 1/3; apical third of aedoeagus and vesica covered with numerous longitudinal rod like scales (clearly visible at 200×) more abundant along distal third but significantly reduced at vesica; vesica without spines, weaker sclerotized. Female genitalia. Unknown. Etymology. The species’ name honours D. S. Fletcher, the author of “The generic names of moths of the world” and the collector of the holotype. Habitat. Montainous forest at altitude above 1000 m. Host plant(s). Unknown. Flight period. Only a single specimen is known, an adult that was collected in early September. Distribution. (Fig. 402). Known only from the type locality in Uganda (Ruwenzori Range).Published as part of Prins, Jurate De & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2012, Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), pp. 1-283 in Zootaxa 3594 (1) on pages 140-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3594.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/605212
A Comparative Study of Process Mining Tools: FlexFringe, ProM, MINT and PRINS
No full textNowadays, software is an integral part of many companies. However, the codebase can grow large and complicated and is often insufficiently documented. To gain insight, tools have been made to infer state machines and process models from software logs. These tools produce different types of models such as automata and Petri nets. The main objective of this research is to determine which tool is the optimal choice for inferring a readable and correct model within reasonable time. Currently, Petri nets and automata are not compared to each other and not all key performance indicators are applicable to both model types. To compare these different concepts, suitable metrics must be identified.For this work, 8 configurations of 4 programs will be compared. Finite State Machines (FSMs) will be inferred with FlexFringe (AIC), MINT and PRINS (using MINT internally). Petri nets will be mined with ProM using the Inductive Miner, Inductive Miner Infrequent - All Operators, Hybrid-ILP and the Directly Follows miner. The configurations will use 5-folds cross validation to infer models on 9 software logs. Negative traces were synthesised as they were not available. The quality of the models will be measured though inference time, complexity, F2-score, balanced accuracy, fitness and perplexity.Some of the used metrics were adequate, but others were not suitable. Inference time, F2-score, balanced accuracy could be measured for both FSMs and Petri nets. The complexity was measured with the Petri net metric and the Cyclomatic complexity CC. The eCFC does not properly express complexity on FSMs. Furthermore, Petri nets can model parallelism, which introduces extra complexity compared to an FSM. This was not adequately expressed by either of these metrics. To measure fitness, both token-based replay and alignment fitness were used. FSMs were converted to Petri nets. Token-based replay (TBR) fitness was not an expressive metric for the FSMs, as the concept of tokens did not carry over well. In addition to this, the external implementation of TBR fitness was flawed for the specific structure of the converted FSMs. Alignment-based fitness is the superior fitness metric as it does not rely on the notion of tokens, which the FSMs do not have. Unfortunately, the time and memory needed for alignment computations was too large for some models. Lastly, the perplexity FSM metric was successfully adapted for Petri nets. It expresses the difference in structure and could be tailored even further for the purposes of comparison by adjusting its parameters.The results of the comparison showed that almost all configurations could complete inference in feasible time and memory. The time out was set at 4 hours and the available memory was \texttt{16GB}. The MINT and PRINS ran out of memory on one of the larger logs and timed out for one other set. Hybrid-ILP timed out for 2 sets. All other configurations completed inference for all data sets in under 40 seconds. PRINS and MINT boasted excellent performance across all correctness metrics, and were only outperformed by FlexFringe and the Directly Follows miner on perplexity. PRINS and MINT were most suitable for modelling traces of data sets with a low trace similarity and generalising to identify new traces. However, MINT models were a lot larger than those of any other configurations and PRINS models are generally many times larger than MINT models. So, if complexity of models is a big concern, FlexFringe and the Directly Follows miner offer the smaller models, at the cost of a small amount of performance for most sets. However, these two tools perform poorly on sets that are both incomplete and contain dissimilar traces. If time is of the essence, one should use FlexFringe, the Directly Follows miner of one of the Inductive Miners. The Petri net miners used, were not designed to introduce new behaviour in a model. Therefore, FlexFringe is preferable for modelling an incomplete log.Computer Scienc
Satisfying giant appetites : mechanisms of small scale foraging by large African herbivores
No full textVariation in body mass allows for resource partitioning and co-existence of different species. Body mass is also seen as the main factor governing nutrient requirements in herbivores as metabolic rate and requirements have often been found to scale to ¾ power of body mass. Although the consequences of body mass on foraging behaviour of herbivores has been extensively studied, the mechanism behind how body mass differences determines the small scale foraging patterns of especially larger herbivores, has up to now been unclear. In this study, I looked at how body mass and small scale vegetation characteristics shaped the mouth morphology of herbivores and how body mass of a herbivore affects the scale at which intake is maximized. The results indicate that the dilution of plant mass and more specifically leaf mass in space requires that mega-herbivores such as elephant have enlarged soft mouth parts to compensate for this dilution. Finally, I demonstrate, using linear programming techniques with multiple nutrients as constraints, how a mega-herbivore’s daily diet choice is determined by forage abundance whereas a small herbivore is more constrained by fibre
Transcript for lunchable learning 25: Better together partners in learning
No full textMonday May 2nd Lunchable Learning hosts Leva Lee and Helena Prins are back together for a special extended 60 minute program! Tune-in at noon as they welcome guests Steven Bishop and Shannon Cox from Douglas College to kick-off the conference “Better Together: Partners in Learning”.
“Better Together” is a college-wide themed week of learning, collaborating, and sharing. It’s a first for Douglas College and expresses the desire to rekindle a sense of community and common mission after two years of physical distance and isolation.
Programming includes keynote speakers, interactive workshops, panel sessions, radio shows and more. While the conference is an offering for Douglas College faculty, staff and administrators, the themes discussed will certainly be of interest to everyone in the post-secondary sector and a few select sessions are open for those who wished to register, based on availability. See the conference program here: https://facilitatingfacultyonline.opened.ca/2022/03/25/better-together-partners-in-learning/
Learn how the “Better Together” conference came to be, how it is a result of a huge collaborative effort between many groups and what organizers’ hopes and highlights will be for the week. Tune-in as we celebrate with song the affirmation that we are all indeed “Better Together”. #LunchableLearning #ds106radi
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