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Water :Values, Rights, Territory,Business, Governance
No full textWATER: VALUES, RIGHTS,
TERRITORY, BUSINESS, GOVERNANCE
Adriano Ciani
Full Prof. of Agricultural Economics and Farm Appraisal
Department .of Agricultural Economics, Farm Appraisal and Agrofood Sciences -DSEEA
Agricultural Faculty, Perugia Universit Borgo XX Giugno, 74
06121-PERUGIA-IT
Tel: +39-075-585-7141 Fax: ; +39-075-5857146 ;Mobile: +39-347-5109486 ; Email: [email protected]
Skype: cianiunipg ; Web Site:www.adrianociani.it
Luigi Porcellati Pazzaglia
PHd Degree in Economics
University of Perugia
Mobile:338-4708644
Email:[email protected]
Premise
The question of water 'aspect of becoming a matter of modern society' world poses serious questions about the key strategies of sustainable development in an intra-and inter-generational perspective.
In March 2009, and 'held at the Istanbul World Forum V ^ dell'ascqua and presented data from a UN report. Showed the following dramatic aspects ..
Each year 8 million people die from water scarcity and limits of sanitation.
It is estimated that 1.1 billion people lack access to water resources
More than 2.6 billion people have health and hygiene problems
Approximately 3900 children are victims every day water shortage
The pollution of groundwater and watercourses becomes unstoppable
70% of freshwater is used for agricultural purposes
According to the Report of the United Nations there 'in 2030 half the risk that' the world's population remains without adequate levels of water resources.
2-Water and the evolution of its value
The evolution of the value of water and 'tied to changes in the processes of development have been from the beginning of the 1900.E' the same J. Maynard Keynes in an article in 1932 "Exhortations and Prophecies" poses to public attention the fact that global development has been marked by excessive limits of scarcity 'of one of the factors produzione.Mentre until the end of the century 19.mo limiting factor 'has always been represented by the capital in 20.mo the factor that has begun to limit so more and more' decisive development and 'the natural and ambientale.Fra natural resources that affected the evolution of more' and stavolgente ' just water. Unfortunately you can 'say that the evolution of the value of this resource from the zero level is becoming more' levels is remarkable when viewed soto of a strictly private good than the public good.
3-Water: human right, private property, public or common goods?
Water is the basis of life on the planet. It is therefore a private good, public or common good? Water is the most abundant resource on our planet, yet it is increasingly scarce. Why? What is the relationship between scarcity and production systems, and lifestyles? Is there a connection between the lack of access to drinking water of about one quarter of the world's population and control the sources and water services by multinational companies? What are the reasons and effects of privatization? What are the responsibilities of governments?
It's a chance that water conflicts will increase exponentially and that the new millennium has opened with the water war in Cochabamba? He made this clear on what is an anal this good in terms of human rights and in relation to the way of considering the good (public, private or shared?)
4-The location of water resources and territory
The water on Earth is 40 percent less than thirty years ago, and in 2020 three billion people remain without. But the stronger states are already exploiting the situation to turn this resource into tradable good.
Given the failure of the technique increases the doomsday predictions about the battle that will rage for global access to '"blue gold" of the twenty-first century. "Whisky is for drinking, water for fighting," stated Mark Twain, and theories of international observers, politicians and strategists seem to confirm that reflection. Faced with the alarming data about the status of water resources, most experts said that "the wars of the twenty-first century break out because of disputes on access to water."
5-Water as a resource and the enterprises
The resource has been sometimes limited to suitability 'of land and business opportunity companies, but also indirect and direct.
The system of concessions and 'up to now proved to be a consistent, transparent generally effective and efficient for the overall economic system.
Not excessive level of privatization. The "In House" is a chance 'to combine the concrete and transparent access parasitic and speculative non-economic levels with the need of water.
6 - The need for 'a new form of governance. The state of the subject of guidance and coordination and provider of services to help companies' role as the sole intermediary between the supranational and the equation selected private-efficiency
Privatisation will also always be a price increase of water tariffs, which heightens, especially in the countries of the South, the problems of the population's access to the resource. However, a fundamental shift in perspective. Water must not be a commodity of a private nature, but must return from the commons, including those goods in which human rights must be guaranteed access to all and to each according to his need. In this perspective can also be set a "fair price", however, to ensure that all minimal and essential, beyond this threshold, the wastefulness deterrent.
Its management, remittance to citizens and local communities, must preserve them forever, pass it on to future generations and for it to remain at the earth and all species, which in fact belongs
7-Conclusions
Water must not become the "blue gold" of the twenty-first century, after the oil has been the "black gold" of the twentieth century. The water should rather be understood as a common heritage of humanity. Access to safe water is an inalienable human right and social, that must be guaranteed to all human beings. For this to happen we must subtract the water and replace the logic of the market area of the commons, which the board must be able to sit all the inhabitants of the Earth with equal rights, including future generations. This is even more relevant for developing countries, where market failures are relatively more pervasive.
8-Bibliography
"International Decade for Action, Water for Life 2005-2015." UN Resolution A/RES/58/217 of 9 February 2004.
"Observance of World Day for Water" UN Resolution A/RES/47/193 of 22 December 1992.
Geopolitics of the water, Margaret Ciervo, Carocci Editore, July 2009
The economy of water services (survey of economic and structural variables of the water services in Italy), Roberto Malaman, Stephen Peak, Franco Angeli Editore, 1998
Census of water for civil use, Istat, December 200
Realism, Modernism, Postmodernism: Notes on Fredric Jameson's Period Theory
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Rocco e le Storie Tese. Irriducibilità della pornografia e psicanalisi del comico.
No full textSul tentativo di realizzare un film di carattere satirico parodico nell'ambito della pornografia e sull'impossibilità di contaminare i due generi
Il progetto ITAN 500: ottimizzazione energetica e ed economica
No full textIl progetto ITAN 500, sviluppato dal gruppo CREA del Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione dell’Università del Salento, ha come obiettivo la realizzazione di un quadriciclo pesante a basso impatto ambientale ad uso prevalentemente urbano. ITAN 500 è un veicolo ibrido elettrico serie di tipo plug-in (PHEV, Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle). Il power train comprende un motore a benzina e un pacco di accumulatori al piombo in configurazione ibrido serie mentre la trazione è affidata ad un motore elettrico in corrente continua con eccitazione indipendente; è inoltre possibile effettuare la ricarica delle batterie dalla rete elettrica.
Il veicolo è stato presentato a Formula ATA 2006 classificandosi al 3° posto nella competizione Formula Tech – Class 1. In questa memoria sono riportati i risultati di studi sperimentali e numerici volti alla verifica e al miglioramento delle prestazioni del veicolo in modalità elettrica ed ibrid
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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