1,721,071 research outputs found
TUBERCOLOSI POLMONARE, EXTRAPOLMONARE E DISSEMINATA A CONFRONTO: ANALISI CLINICA ED EPIDEMIOLOGICO-MOLECOLARE NELL'AREA URBANA DI MILANO, 1996-2010.
Full text linkPulmonary, extrapulmonary and disseminated tuberculosis compared: clinical and molecular-epidemiological analysis into the metropolitan area of Milan, 1996-2010.
BACKGROUND: The increases in lymphonodal extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (LEPTB), other extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and disseminated TB (DTB) have been attributed to human immunodeficiency virus co-infection. The decline of AIDS cases due to the efficacy of HAART could have repercussions on the change of host-related risk factors for these forms of TB.
Therefore, we carried out a study to compare epidemiological and microbiological characteristics between DTB, EPTB and PTB patients in Italy. A correlation between molecular profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates and site of TB was assessed.
METHODS: A cohort of PTB, LEPTB EPTB, DTB patients was compared. Enrollees were assessed for TB risk, medical records were reviewed, A 14-year retrospective analysis was carried out on tuberculosis (TB) patients diagnosed into metropolitan area of Milan. Characteristics of epidemiological, microbiological and clinical features were obtained from medical case records. The genotypic profile of the available clinical isolates was obtained by Spoligotyping method. The association with the correspondent lineages was based on SPOLDB4.0 database. Risk factors for being either a DTB, or an EPTB patient relative to a PTB patient were identified using logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: 1579 TB cases were analysed. PTB were clearly prevalent with 1219 episodes (77.2%), EPTB were 130 (8.2%), LEPTB amounted to 115 (7.3%) as well as those DTB (7.3%). Among EPTB the most frequent were genitourinary (42.3%), bone (23.1%) and CNS (14.6%).
Age> 50 years was associated with EPTB (2.41 [1.45 to 4.02], p <0.001). According to gender, the female sex is associated with LEPTB (1.80 [1.20 to 2.70], p <0.005). The risk of developing LEPTB was more than four times for Africans (4.62 [2.52 to 8.46], p <0.0001), whereas patients coming from Eastern Europe had a higher risk of having PTB. The Asian subjects (3.39 [1.56 to 7.36], p <0.002), Africans 3.48 [1.83 to 6.64], p <0.0001 and South America patients (1.97 [1.06 to 3 , 66], p <0.031) had a significantly higher risk of developing DTB.
For HIV infected patients the risk of having other than tuberculosis in lung was significantly higher: about doubled in LEPTB (2.18 [0.99 to 4.80], p <0.053) and more than six times to those DTB (6.63 [3.79 to 11.57], p <0.0001). For extrapulmonary localization in the CNS and gastrointestinal there was a significant association with HIV infection (7.88 [3.07 to 20.23], p <0.0001) which is not found in the genito-urinary and bone forms (0.74 [0.21 to 2.52], p <0.65).
Pulmonary forms were significantly associated with an increased risk of multidrug-resistance than disseminated ones (0.21 [0.05 to 0.92], p <0.039).
Of 1579 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, based on Spoligopattern, 1420 (89.9%) were uniquely associated with a STI known, distributed into 13 major lineage. The most represented family was T genotype with 518 isolates (36.4%), followed by families H, Latin And Mediterranean, U and Beijing respectively comprising 235 (16.5%), 209 (14.7%), 153 (10.8%) and 93 (6.5%) strains. These five lineage aggregated about 85% of the total isolates.
Stratifying the lineages respect to the sites of disease specific differences emerged. Multivariate analysis confirmed EAI (3.78 [1.08 to 13.26], p <0.038), Beijing (3.94 [1.15 to 13.51], p <0.029) and CAS (4.64 [1.38 to 15.61], p <0.013) were significantly associated with LEPTB.
CONCLUSION: Overall EPTB and DTB differed substantially from the more frequent PTB. Inside the heterogeneous group of EPTB, LEPTB showed peculiarities as follows: they were significantly prevalent among female, in younger, Africans and HIV patients. Three genotypes, EAI, CAS and Beijing, were preferentially associated with LEPTB
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Prefazione a R. Reggi- F. Zanini, La Chiesa e gli schiavi. Testimonianze e documenti dalla Bibbia ai nostri giorni, Bologna, Edizioni Dehoniane, 2016, pp. 5-7.
No full textNella mia "Prefazione" si presenta il libro di Reggi e Zanini imperniato sullo studio di come le fonti cristiane, specialmente durante il Medioevo, abbiano inquadrato, in una nuova luce di attenzione e di misericordia, il problema della schiavitù favorendo un atteggiamento mentale di superamento della stessa
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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