1,721,130 research outputs found
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging: indications, study protocols and safety
No full textThe aim of this paper is to outline the real indications for fetal magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) based on the current clinical and scientific evidence and to determine where it fits into prenatal diagnostic protocols. We also consider the most commonly used FMRI diagnostic protocols and take stock of the safety aspects of this examination. This paper is the result of the work of the Fetal Magnetic Resonance (FMR) Study Group of the Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM) in cooperation with the Study Group of the Italian Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (SIEOG). It has been reviewed and approved by the Italian Association of Neuroradiology (AINR). As FMRI is undergoing continuous development, and its indications and role are also likely to change over time, the Fetal Magnetic Resonance Study Group is in agreement with the other scientific bodies involved in the drafting of this document to propose subsequent modifications to it when new clinical and scientific evidence suggest the need
Spontaneous improvement of optic pathway lesions in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
No full textTwo cases of spontaneous improvement of optic pathway lesions in neurofibromatosis type 1 are reported. At time of diagnosis the children were aged 21 and 32 months respectively; they have been followed by both MRI and clinical evaluation for 5 and 4 years. MRI findings of the first 19 months of follow-up for Case 1 have been described by us before. On MRI serial evaluation, Case 1 showed an almost complete normalization of the size of lesions and a resolution of enhancement, whereas Case 2 showed a slight decrease in the size of lesions and a resolution of enhancement. From the clinical point of view Case 1 showed a normalization of his clinical signs, whereas in Case 2, a visual improvement was only slight, if at all present. In Case 1, the clinical improvement seemed to follow the spontaneous regression of the lesions detected by MRI
Nervous system involvement in Farber disease
No full textA 30 months-old boy with Farber disease developed nystagmus 12 months after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). At 40 months, gait ataxia was evident, and brain MRI showed increased size of pericerebellar sulci and 4th ventricle. EMG showed denervation in the tongue and upper limb muscles, consistent with motor neuron disease. HSCT improves the peripheral manifestations of Farber disease, but may not prevent the progressive neurological deterioration
Brain apparent diffusion coefficient decrease during correction of severe hypernatremic dehydration
No full textWe report on the brain diffusion MR imaging findings in a neonate with severe hypernatremic dehydration, which resulted in cerebral edema (osmotic edema) and in apparent diffusion coefficient decrease, despite a careful and slow rehydration. This report provides in vivo insight into nervous cell response to osmotic challenge
Imaging criteria for diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis in children
No full textSymptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are nasal blockage, nasal discharge, postnasal drip, facial pain, headache, and reduction or loss of smell, but they are often subtle and make it difficult to obtain a firm diagnosis based only on clinical data, and especially to distinguish CRS from persistent rhinitis. A. diagnosis of certainty of CRS relies upon either direct observation by nasal fibroendoscopy of nasal turbinates, middle meatus, and rhinopharynx, detecting mucopurulent discharge from the middle meatus, and/or oedema or mucosal obstruction, or by imaging of the rhinosinusal cavities. Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance (MR) are currently recommended in consensus documents, while plain radiography is considered of poor diagnostic value. However, recent studies indicated that radiography by the Waters projection had a sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 76.6%, which suggests to use it routinely in suspected CRS, limiting the number of more expensive imaging investigations. This seems important in the current economic landscape that requires a cost-effectiveness evaluation in each diagnostic procedure
Correction for macrovascular artifacts in CBF estimation with Pseudo Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling & Look-Locker readout data
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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