1,720,985 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cerebellar contribution to spatial event processing: Do spatial procedures contribute to formation of spatial declarative knowledge?
No full textSpatial knowledge of an environment involves two distinct competencies: declarative spatial knowledge, linked to where environmental cues are and where the subject is with respect to the cues, and, at the same time, procedural spatial knowledge, linked to how to move into the environment. It has been previously demonstrated that hemicerebellectomized (HCbed) rats are impaired in developing efficient exploration strategies, but not in building spatial maps or in utilizing localizing cues. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationships between spatial procedural and declarative knowledge by using the open field test. HCbed rats have been tested in two different protocols of the open field task. The results indicate that HCbed animals succeeded in moving inside the arena, in contacting the objects and in habituating to the new environment. However, HCbed animals did not react to environmental changes, when their impaired explorative pattern was inappropriate to the environment, suggesting that they were not able to represent a new environment because they were not able to explore it appropriately. Nevertheless, when their altered procedures were favoured by object arrangement, they detected environmental changes as efficiently as did normal rats. This finding suggests that no declarative spatial learning is possible without appropriate procedural spatial learning.Spatial knowledge of an environment involves two distinct competencies: declarative spatial knowledge, linked to where environmental cues are and where the subject is with respect to the cues, and, at the same time, procedural spatial knowledge, linked to how to move into the environment. It has been previously demonstrated that hemicerebellectomized (HCbed) rats are impaired in developing efficient exploration strategies, but not in building spatial maps or in utilizing localizing cues. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationships between spatial procedural and declarative knowledge by using the open field test. HCbed rats have been tested in two different protocols of the open field task. The results indicate that HCbed animals succeeded in moving inside the arena, in contacting the objects and in habituating to the new environment. However, HCbed animals did not react to environmental changes, when their impaired explorative pattern was inappropriate to the environ
Is the cerebellum involved in the visuo-locomotor associative learning?
No full textThe role played by cerebellar circuits in visuo-motor associative learning is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyse cerebellar involvement using a visuo-locomotor associative learning paradigm that did not require spatial competences. Hemicerebellectomized (HCbed) and Control rats were tested in a visual discrimination task. First, both groups of rats had to learn that a reward was associated with an object that had a specific colour and shape (Experiment 1). Then, the shape but not the colour of the rewarded object was modified to verify whether the animals were able to transfer the rule of rewarding or whether they had to acquire a new association (Experiment 2). In the first sessions of the Experiment 1, HCbed animals displayed a tendency toward peripheral circling and a delay of about three sessions in reaching the criterion of correct choices compared to Controls. This delay has to be correlated to the need to overcome the procedural impairment elicited by the HCb. Once the HCbed animals put efficient procedural abilities into action, they exhibited a similar increase in percentages of successes from the fourth session onward as Controls. The results of Experiment 2 confirm the intact associative abilities of HCbed animals, as demonstrated by their progressive increase in successful associative responses, which, at the end of the transfer phase, were not significantly different from those of the Control group. The present findings indicate that the presence of a cerebellar lesion delays but does not prevent visuo-locomotor associative learning and that stimulus generalisation is performed without difficulty even in the presence of a cerebellar lesion. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The role played by cerebellar circuits in visuo-motor associative learning is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyse cerebellar involvement using a visuo-locomotor associative learning paradigm that did not require spatial competences. Hemicerebellectomized (HCbed) and Control rats were tested in a visual discrimination task. First, both groups of rats had to learn that a reward was associated with an object that had a specific colour and shape (Experiment 1). Then, the shape but not the colour of the rewarded object was modified to verify whether the animals were able to transfer the rule of rewarding or whether they had to acquire a new association (Experiment 2). In the first sessions of the Experiment 1, HCbed animals displayed a tendency toward peripheral circling and a delay of about three sessions in reaching the criterion of correct choices compared to Controls. This delay has to be correlated to the need to overcome the procedural impairment elicited by th
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
