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Maternal talk in cognitive development: relations between psychological lexicon, semantic development, empathy and temperament
No full textIn this study, we investigated the relationship between mothers’ psychological lexicon and children’s cognitive and socio-emotive development as assessed through conceptual and semantic understanding tasks, in addition to the traditional tasks of theory of mind. Currently, there is considerable evidence to suggest that the frequency of mothers’ mental state words used in mother-child picture-book reading is linked with children’s theory of mind skills. Furthermore, mothers’ use of cognitive terms is more strongly related to children’s theory of mind performances than the mothers’ references to other mental states, such as desires or emotions (Rollo, Buttiglieri, 2009). Current literature has established that early maternal input is related to later child mental state understanding; however it has not yet clarified which maternal terms are most useful for the socio-emotional and cognitive development of the child, and which aspect of the cognitive development benefits from the mother-child interaction.The present study addresses this issue and focuses on the relationship between mothers’ mental state talk and children’s behavior in conceptual and semantic tasks, and in a theory of mind task.In this study fifty pairs consisting of mothers and their 3 to 6-year-old children participated in two sessions: (1) The mothers read a picture book to their children. To assess the maternal psychological lexicon, their narrative was codified according to the categories of mental state references used in literature: perceptual, emotional, volitional, cognitive, moral and communicative. (2) After a few days, the conceptual and semantic skills of the children (tasks of contextualization and classification, memory and definition of words) and their psychological lexicon were assessed.The results suggest close links between the frequency and variety of mothers’ mental state words and some semantic and conceptual skills of children
The optimist / Rollo F. Maitland.
No full text7 p. of music ; 33 cm. Choice organ selections. Eighth series In binders’ collection: American organ composers, v.
Prefazione a Rollo F: Il DNA nello studio dei resti umani antichi, principi, metodi, applicazioni
No full textBone lesions from the ossuary of the Napoleonic battle of Marengo, northern Italy (14th June 1800).
No full textMarengo was the scenario of one of the most important battles of the Napoleonic age, where about 7,000 soldiers died, among whom the French General Desaix.
However, the exploration of the Marengo ossuary revealed only a small sample of the dead soldiers and was represented in general by the long bones of the limbs. In fact, if we exclude the children and the bones of sure archeological derivation, the remains of the soldiers, males between 20 and 30 years of age, who certainly died in the battle, are about 250.
Despite these limits, a number of traumatic lesions were diagnosed, which have been subdivided in chronic pathologies, prior to the battle, and acute pathologies, which took place during the battle.
The chronic pathologies include a case of ossification due to a muscle trauma, nine cases of periostitis and three cases of recovered fractures.
The ossification of an injury of the muscle took place along the linea aspera of the femur, connected with the insertion of the adductors and the pectineous, muscles which are particularly developed in horsemen. Three cases of periostitis, also observed along the linea aspera of the femur in connection with the insertion of the adductors, can also be ascribed to the heavy practice of horse-riding.
Six cases of tibial periostitis connected with the insertion of the inferior tibialis can be considered "marching" lesions. The presence of these lesions, caused by the frequent marching practice in infantry detachments, is not surprising.
The fractures, all well consolidated at the level of the medio-diaphysial tract, and for this reason referring to direct traumas, can be connected with the military profession or probably took place in previous combats.
The first case is a medio-diaphysial fracture of the right radius (also called “defense” or “Parry’s” fracture), well consolidated “in axis”, with no deformation or shortening of the forearm; the fracture was probably very well treated by a good military surgeon.
Interesting is the fracture of a right humerus, consolidated in angular deformity, with a 5 cm shortening of the bone.
Finally there is the fracture of a right tibia, very badly healed, with a severe shortening of the inferior limb of about 6 cm.
Very few – although significant – diagnoses of acute lesions have been made, certainly coinciding with a rapid death of the subject involved.
There are also two lesions caused by a cutting blade, and another one caused by a fire-arm.
A right humerus shows a thin cut, with sharp margins, 3.5 cm long, 2 mm wide, 3.5 cm deep, involving posteriorly the superior epiphysis. This almost perfect median cut has a vertical direction, involving the head, the anatomic and the surgical neck.
The characteristics are those of the point of a “briquet”, the typical dagger of the French infantry. The wound was certainly produced from behind, and top-downwards, involving the right humerus through the deltoid. From this direction, it is likely that the blow was directed against a run-away or a falling soldier.
Another lesion was caused by a cutting blade involving the left area of a frontal bone. The lesion consists in a triangular cut with superior apex, 11 mm long and a maximum of 3.2 mm wide, involving the frontal tuber in its medium tract; presumably, the wound was produced by the central part of a cutting blade, possibly a “briquet” in this case as well.
The lesion caused by a fire-arm involves the right half of the squama of a frontal bone. It consists in a circular breach, with clear-cut margins, extending towards the interior and showing a clear inward beveling; it shows a trunk-conic profile, with an external diameter of 21.5 mm and an internal diameter of 27 mm. The defect was certainly produced by a penetrating projectile, and the external diameter of 21.5 mm well corresponds to the 20 mm caliber of the so-called “biscaillens”, the iron balls of the grape-shot cannons.
It is evident that the exiguous number of lesions we have identified can only offer a glimpse of the traumatology of this important battle-field of the Napoleonic age. It is sufficient however to explain the scientific interest of the results obtained with this type of material.
Only an accurate exploration of eventual military common graves or of an entire war cemetery with intact burials could offer a more global and realistic traumatological picture
SenseBoard: Sensor monitoring for air quality experts
No full textAir quality monitoring is crucial within cities since air pollution is one of the main causes of premature death in Europe. However, performing trustworthy monitoring of urban air quality is not a simple process. Especially, if you want to try to create extensive and timely monitoring of the entire urban area using low-cost sensors. In order to collect reliable measurements from low-cost sensors, a lot of work is required from environmental experts who deploy and maintain the air quality network, and daily calibrate, control, and clean up the data generated by these sensors. In this paper, we describe SenseBoard, an interactive dashboard created to support environmental experts in the sensor network control, management of sensor data calibration, and anomaly detection
Knowledge Graphs for Community Detection in Textual Data
No full textOnline sources produce a huge amount of textual data, i.e., freeform text. To derive insightful information from them and facilitate the application of Machine Learning algorithms textual data need to be processed and structured. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are intelligent systems for the analysis of documents. In recent years, they have been adopted in multiple contexts, including text mining for the development of data-driven solutions to different problems. The scope of this paper is to provide a methodology to build KGs from textual data and apply algorithms to group similar documents in communities. The methodology exploits semantic and statistical approaches to extract relevant insights from each document; these data are then organized in a KG that allows for their interconnection. The methodology has been successfully tested on news articles related to crime events occurred in the city of Modena, in Italy. The promising results demonstrate how KG-based analysis can improve the management of information coming from online sources
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