137 research outputs found
Lewis Regenstein to Anatoliy F. Dobrynin
No full textLetter from Lewis Regenstein, The Fund for Animals, Inc. to Anatoliy F. Dobrynin, June 15, 1973https://lawcommons.lclark.edu/iwc_correspondence_1-1/1072/thumbnail.jp
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Lewis Regenstein to Anatoliy F. Dobrynin
No full textLetter from Lewis Regenstein, The Fund for Animals, Inc. to Anatoliy F. Dobrynin, June 15, 1973https://lawcommons.lclark.edu/iwc_correspondence_1-1/1072/thumbnail.jp
Contribution Based Author Categorization to Calculate Author Performance Index
No full textDespite the widely used author contribution criteria, unethical authorship practices such as guest, ghost, and honorary authorship remains largely unsolved. We have identified six major reasons by analyzing 78 published papers addressing unethical authorship practice. Those are lack of: (i) awareness about and (ii) compliance with authorship criteria, (iii) universal definition and scope for determining authorship, (iv) common mechanisms for positioning an author in the list, (v) quantitative measures of intellectual contribution; and (vi) pressure to publish. As a possible measure to control unethical practice, we have evaluated the possibility to adopt an author categorization scheme – proposed according to the common understanding of how first-, co-, principal-, or corresponding- author is perceived. Based on an online opinion survey, the proposed scheme was supported by ~80% of the respondents (n=370). The impact of the proposed categorization was then evaluated using a novel mathematical tool to measure “Author Performance Index (API)” that can be higher for those who might have authored more papers as primary and/or principal authors than those as coauthors. Hence, if adopted, the proposed author categorization scheme together with the API would provide a better way to evaluate the credit of an individual as a primary and principal author
Cyclosporine-induced hypertension: Evidence for maintained baroreflex circulatory control
No full textBackground: The clinical use of cyclosporine as an immunosuppressive agent enhanced long-term survival in transplant recipients at the expense of a high incidence of induced hypertension. Altered neurovegetative (autonomic) cardiovascular control is suspected as a mechanism of this form of hypertension. Methods: Spectral analysis of systolic arterial pressure and R- R interval variability (electrocardiographic recordings) were performed, and the index α of baroreflex gain was computed in four groups of subjects matched for age: 13 orthotopic heart transplant recipients; 13 solid organ transplant recipients; 13 patients with essential hypertension; and 18 control subjects with normal blood pressure. All but the control subjects were treated with similar dihydropyridine calcium entry blockers. Heart and solid organ transplant recipients also received cyclosporine. Results: R-R variance was lowest in the heart transplant recipients. The spectral profile of R-R interval was suggestive of sympathetic predominance in the patients withhypertension, but not in the solid organ transplant recipients or the control subjects. Systolic blood pressure variability and low frequency component (a marker of sympathetic vasomotor modulation) were similar in the four groups. The index α was 1.8 ± 2.2 in heart transplant recipients, 11.7 ± 6.6 in solid organ transplant recipients, 7.3 ± 3.6 in patients with hypertension, and 13.5 ± 6.4 msec/mm Hg in control subjects (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: These data indicate that (1) cyclosporine-induced hypertension in heart transplant recipients is associated with a loss of baroreflex function as a result of cardiac denervation-related uncoupling; (2) compared with patients with hypertension, organ transplant recipients with hypertension demonstrated a maintained baroreflex function as indicated by a lack of reduction of the index α; (3) baroreflex heart rate control in dihydropyridine-treated cyclosporine-induced hypertension is well maintained
Measuring and Improving the Quality of Hospital Language Services: Insights from the Speaking Together Collaborative
No full textIn 2006, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation launched Speaking Together: National Language Services Network, an initiative designed to improve the quality and availability of language services in US hospitals. Speaking Together works with hospitals that were selected through a competitive application process with multiple levels of review. The selection process targeted hospitals with substantial numbers of limited English-proficient (LEP) patients and well-established language programs that could complete a complex project with rigorous data collection requirements. The result is a group of 10 hospitals (Table 1) whose language services are more robust than the average hospital and that bring enthusiasm to the process of performance improvement in language services, dedication to working collaboratively through interdisciplinary project teams, and strong commitment from senior leadership to support their efforts.
In this Commentary, the Author offers personal insights from her role as Director of the National Program Office for Speaking Together
Asia on the Eve of Europe's Expansion
No full textMap in the frontispiece of the included book based on an original map by Sandra Lach (now, [email protected]). The book is peer-reviewed. There is also a file listing a box by box inventory of the works of Donald F. Lach housed in a special collection in the Joseph Regenstein Library of the University of Chicago. Permission from that library is needed for access to those materials. For materials not housed in that collection, and possible permission to use them, please contact [email protected]. Context for the general works of Donald F. Lach is also provided in SummaryDFL.pdf.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58763/1/lach.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58763/4/Regenstein Inventory, Papers, 1942-1987.pd
The need to quantify authors’ relative intellectual contributions in a multi-author paper
No full textMeasuring the contribution of each author of a multi-author paper has been a long standing concern. As a possible solution to this, we propose a list of intellectual activities and logistic support activities that might be involved in the production of a research paper. We then develop a quantitative approach to estimate an author's relative intellectual contribution to a published work. An author's relative intellectual contribution is calculated as the percent contribution of an author to each intellectual activity involved in the production of the paper multiplied by a weighing factor for each intellectual activity. The relative intellectual contribution calculated in this way can be used to determine the position of an author in the author list of a paper. Second, a corrected citation index for each author, called the T-index, can be calculated by multiplying the relative intellectual contribution by the total citations received by a paper. The proposed approach can be used to measure the impact of an author of a multi-authored paper in a more accurate way than either giving each author full credit or dividing credit equally. Our proposal not only resolves the long standing concern for the fair distribution of each author's credit depending on his/her contribution, but it will also, hopefully, discourage addition of non-contributing authors to a paper
The fourth industrial revolution in the food industry—Part I: Industry 4.0 technologies
No full textClimate change, the growth in world population, high levels of food waste and food loss, and the risk of new disease or pandemic outbreaks are examples of the many challenges that threaten future food sustainability and the security of the planet and urgently need to be addressed. The fourth industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0, has been gaining momentum since 2015, being a significant driver for sustainable development and a successful catalyst to tackle critical global challenges. This review paper summarizes the most relevant food Industry 4.0 technologies including, among others, digital technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence, big data analytics, Internet of Things, and blockchain) and other technological advances (e.g., smart sensors, robotics, digital twins, and cyber-physical systems). Moreover, insights into the new food trends (such as 3D printed foods) that have emerged as a result of the Industry 4.0 technological revolution will also be discussed in Part II of this work. The Industry 4.0 technologies have significantly modified the food industry and led to substantial consequences for the environment, economics, and human health. Despite the importance of each of the technologies mentioned above, ground-breaking sustainable solutions could only emerge by combining many technologies simultaneously. The Food Industry 4.0 era has been characterized by new challenges, opportunities, and trends that have reshaped current strategies and prospects for food production and consumption patterns, paving the way for the move toward Industry 5.0
Detection of hepatitis C virus sequences in liver tissue by the polymerase chain reaction
No full textAlthough sensitive assays for serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV/anti-HCV) have been developed recently, the relation of anti-HCV to HCV infection of the liver has not been clarified. Therefore, we determined the presence of HCV RNA by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in liver biopsy specimens of 21 patients with chronic liver disease and 5 control patients. RNA was extracted from frozen liver tissues by the guanidinium method, HCV cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription, and core region and NS3 region sequences were amplified by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the reaction was significantly enhanced by double PCR with nested primers followed by Southern blotting with an HCV specific oligomer probe. NS3 region sequences were detected in the liver specimens of 12 out of 15 anti-HCV positive patients. Core region sequences were detected in 9 patients, all of whom were also positive for NS3 region sequences. HCV sequences were not detected in 11 anti-HCV negative patients. In all cases, the integrity of the extracted RNA was demonstrated by successful amplification of albumin mRNA as internal control. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of the reverse transcription-double PCR method followed by Southern blotting for the detection of HCV sequences in liver tissues. In this system, the detection rate of NS3 region sequences is higher than that of core region sequences. There is a statistically significant correlation between high titer anti-HCV antibodies in serum and NS3 region sequences in liver tissue. However, not all anti-HCV positive patients had HCV positive hepatitis. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for HCV sequences on liver tissue extracts may reveal valuable information on the diagnosis of HCV infection and the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C
Data from: Assessing the use of organic residue analysis to investigate plant oils in the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean: An environmentally and archaeologically contextualized approach (Ph.D. dissertation by Rebecca F. Gerdes)
No full textPlease cite as: Gerdes, Rebecca F., Hanna Wiandt, Malak Abuhashim, Avery Williams, Bridget Childs, Jillian Goldfarb, Joe M. Regenstein, Despina Pilides, and Sturt W. Manning (2025) Data from: Assessing the use of organic residue analysis to investigate plant oils in the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean: An environmentally and archaeologically contextualized approach (Ph.D. dissertation by Rebecca F. Gerdes). [dataset] Cornell University eCommons Repository. https://doi.org/10.7298/vg43-f202These files contain data along with associated output and instrumentation supporting all results reported in Gerdes 2024, "Assessing the use of organic residue analysis to investigate plant oils in the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean: An environmentally and archaeologically contextualized approach." In the dissertation by Gerdes (2024), we found: The ways people store food and other products are intertwined with their social, political, and economic context. Reconstructing storage activities is thus an important archaeological research aim. Organic residue analysis (ORA) of lipids, the study of trace fats, oils, and similar substances preserved in the pores of pottery, can provide direct evidence for pottery use, yet ORA has often been misunderstood and overinterpreted in Mediterranean archaeology. This dissertation proposes an archaeologically and environmentally contextualized approach to better incorporate ORA into Mediterranean archaeology. A “relational assemblage” theoretical framework opens the “black box” of ORA and incorporate residues into archaeological interpretation by viewing residues as part of a “molecular scale” of the archaeological assemblage and by considering all the processes that might shape residues, including archaeologists’ interventions. A reevaluation of a 30-year-old hypothesis that olive oil storage played a role in the changing sociopolitics of early urban cities in Late Bronze Age (LBA) Cyprus (1600-1150 BCE) with this contextualized approach showed that the flaws in the ORA evidence used to argue for the storage of olive oil in monumental storerooms at Kalavasos-Ayios Dhimitrios (K-AD). A novel long-term degradation experiment showed that calcareous soil contexts, which are common in the eastern and southern Mediterranean, lead to poorer preservation of plant oils in ceramics and partial preservation of plant oil biomarkers compared to a mildly acidic soil. A new ORA study of sherds from several buildings at K-AD and an inland site, Ampelia, suggested that some (but not necessarily all) pithoi from K-AD might have contained a plant oil, but also raise the possibility that residues reflected soil contamination. The results raise new questions about the roles of storage and of plant oils in the economy and politics of LBA Cyprus. The comprehensive, contextualized approach applied in this dissertation showed how organic residues and their interpretations in archaeological narrative emerge from a wide range of contingencies, from people’s uses of pottery in the past and climatic and environmental processes where pottery is buried to the analytical interventions of archaeologists.This research was supported by an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Award BSC-2032037, a Research Grant from the Cornell Institute of Archaeology and Material Studies (CIAMS, 2018), and support from the Cyprus Institute (Nicosia, Cyprus), and made use of the facilities of the Cornell Center for Materials Research, which are supported by NSF Award Number DMR-1719875. R.F.G. was supported by Sage Fellowships [years] and a Research Travel Grant (2022) from the Graduate School of Cornell University, the Florence May Smith Fellowship and Lane Cooper Fellowship as well as research travel awards from the Department of Classics at Cornell University, two International Research Travel Awards from the Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies (Cornell University), a Graduate Research Fellowship from the Institute for European Studies (Cornell University), and Hirsch Travel and Research Grants from CIAMS. M. A. was supported by the Engineering Learning Initiatives program (2022). A. W. was supported by a fieldwork participation scholarship from the American Society of Overseas Research (2022). The archaeological samples were exported and analyzed under a permit from the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus. The authors would also like to thank Alison South and Kevin Fisher, former and current director of excavations at Kalavasos-Ayios Dhimitrios, respectively, and Despina Pilides, director of excavations at Agios Sozomenos Ampelia, for the archaeological samples included in the dataset
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