1,720,959 research outputs found
Epistemic Trust as an Interactional Accomplishment in Pediatric Well Child Visits: Parents' Resistance to Solicited Advice as Performing Epistemic Vigilance
Full text linkEpistemic trust – i.e. the belief in knowledge claims we do not understand or cannot validate – is pivotal in healthcare interactions where trust in the source of knowledge is the foundation for adherence to therapy as well as general compliance with the physician’s suggestions. However, in the contemporary knowledge society professionals can no longer count on unconditional epistemic trust: boundaries of the legitimacy and extension criteria of expertise have become increasingly fuzzier and professionals must take into account laypersons’ expertise. Drawing on a conversation analysis-informed study of 23 videorecorded pediatrician-led well-child visits, the article deals with the communicative constitution of healthcare-relevant phenomena such as: epistemic and deontic struggles between parents and pediatricians, the local accomplishment of (responsible) epistemic trust, and the possible outcomes of blurred boundaries between the layperson’s and the professional’s “expertise.” In particular, we illustrate how epistemic trust is communicatively built in sequences where parents request the pediatrician’s advice and resist it. The analysis shows how parents perform epistemic vigilance by suspending the immediate acceptance of the pediatrician’s advice in favor of inserting expansions that make it relevant for the pediatrician to account for her advice. Once the pediatrician has addressed parents’ concerns, parents perform (delayed) acceptance, which we assume indexes what we call responsible epistemic trust. While acknowledging the advantages of what seems to be a cultural change in parent-healthcare provider encounters, in the conclusion we advance that possible risks are implied in contemporary fuzziness of the legitimacy and extension criteria of expertise in doctor-patient interaction
The agency in language and the professionals’ intercultural competences: A case study on the educators’“pivot move” in medical visits of unaccompanied minors
No full textThe presence of unaccompanied minors (UAM) in the Italian health care system represents a recent phenomenon, not fully investigated from a pedagogical perspective. The article reports findings from an exploratory study on medical visits involving UAMs with low communicative competence in the language of interaction, and their accompanying educators. Adopting a Conversation Analysis-informed approach to a corpus of video-recorded visits, we analyze the “problem presentation” and “history taking” phases. We singled out two resources (the ‘pivot move’ and the ‘oscillating addressivity’) respectively used by the educator and the physician to 1) pursue the “incompatible goals” of their agendas and 2) manage the UAM’s participation in the interaction by attributing him agency (or not). Focusing on the (inter)professional challenges of this triadic medical encounter, in the conclusion we advance that the awareness of the communicative details through which agency can be allocated or revoked is part of the intercultural competences of professionals working for UAM’s inclusion in the host society
Practices of Inclusion in Primary Care Visits of Unaccompanied Foreign Minors : Allocating Agency as an Interprofessionally Distributed Intercultural Competence
Full text linkThe presence of unaccompanied foreign minors (hereafter UFMs) is a challenge for the Italian welfare and foreigner reception systems. The chapter builds on an exploratory study on the ways in which professional educators interact with other professionals to manage UFMs’ access to care. In particular, it investigates triadic medical visits involving a general practitioner, an unaccompanied foreign minor, and his educator whose mandatory presence is aimed to support UFM patients throughout the encounter and make patient-physician communication as smooth as possible. Indeed, these institutional encounters constitute a perspicuous case to study how inclusion is performed (or not) through interprofessional interaction and the communicative resources whereby care professionals manage their often-incompatible goals and mandates. Adopting a Conversation Analysis-informed approach to a corpus of video-recorded visits, we describe the “pivot sequence”, a distributed discursive and multimodal practice whereby the educator(s) and the physician differently, but cooperatively manage the inclusion of the UFM as an active participant and intersubjectively overcome the “gathering information vs. allocating agency” dilemma typical of these institutional encounters. By enlightening the “interactive vigilance” of the educators (i.e., their capability to restore UFM’s agency whenever appropriate), we make a case for interprofessionally managed health care as a means to accomplish inclusion in interaction
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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