1,326 research outputs found
Response Styles to Positive Affect and Depression: Concurrent and Prospective Associations in a Community Sample
No full textWe examined the concurrent and prospective relations between response styles to positive affect and depression in a community sample. Participants (n = 345) completed self-report measures of current and past depressive episodes, depressive symptoms, anhedonia, and responses to positive affect (including dampening and positive rumination) at two time points, with a 5-month interval. Higher levels of dampening responses to positive affect were related to higher concurrent levels of depressive symptoms. The tendency to positively ruminate on positive affect was negatively related to concurrent anhedonic symptoms. When controlling for current depressive symptomatology, formerly depressed individuals had a higher tendency to dampen positive affect than never-depressed controls, and did not differ from a currently depressed group. Dampening responses did not predict depressive symptoms prospectively, but lower levels of (self-focused) positive rumination did predict higher levels of future anhedonic symptoms. Results indicate that not only currently but also formerly depressed individuals engage in dysfunctional (dampening) strategies in response to positive affect. It is possible that currently as well as formerly depressed individuals might benefit from interventions that are directed at the remediation of disturbed regulation of positive affect. However, our prospective results make clear that more research is needed to examine the precise conditions under which dampening would be a detrimental (and positive rumination a beneficial) response style in the course of depression.sponsorship: This work was supported by a research funding of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO; PhD fellowship 2010-2014 to Sabine Nelis and Grant G.0923.12 to Patricia Bijttebier). Emily Holmes is supported by the Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) intramural program [MC-A060-5PR50], a Wellcome Trust Clinical Fellowship [WT088217], and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. (Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO)|G.0923.12, Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)|MC-A060-5PR50, Wellcome Trust Clinical Fellowship|WT088217, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, MRC|MC_UP_0901/1)status: Publishe
Dysphoric students show higher use of the observer perspective in their retrieval of positive versus negative autobiographical memories
No full textAutobiographical memories are retrieved as images from either a field perspective or an observer perspective. The observer perspective is thought to dull emotion. Positive affect is blunted in depressed mood. Consequently, are positive events recalled from an observer perspective in depressed mood? We investigated the relationship between memory vantage perspective and depressive symptoms in a student sample. Participants completed the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986) and assessed the perspective accompanying each memory. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) and the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire (RPA; Feldman, Joormann, & Johnson, 2008) were administered. The results showed a small positive association between depressive symptoms and the use of an observer perspective for positive autobiographical memories, but not for negative memories. Furthermore, comparing a subgroup with clinically significant symptom levels (dysphoric students) with non-dysphoric individuals revealed that dysphoric students used an observer perspective more for positive memories compared with negative memories. This was not the case for non-dysphoric students. The observer perspective in dysphorics was associated with a dampening cognitive style in response to positive experiences
Mental imagery during daily life: Psychometric evaluation of the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS)
No full textThe Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS) is used to measure the tendency to use visual mental imagery in daily life. Its psychometric properties were evaluated in three independent samples (total 'N' = 1297). We evaluated the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire. We also examined the structure of the items using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, correlations with other imagery questionnaires provided evidence about convergent validity. The SUIS had acceptable reliability and convergent validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a unidimensional structure fit the data, suggesting that the SUIS indeed measures a general use of mental imagery in daily life. Future research can further investigate and improve the psychometric properties of the SUIS. Moreover, the SUIS could be useful to determine how imagery relates to e.g. psychopathology
RAEs and birthdate distribution of all soccer players in the 2017<sup>TM</sup> China National Games.
No full textRAEs and birthdate distribution of all soccer players in the 2017TM China National Games.</p
Supplementary materials to: Fear of happiness predicts concurrent but not prospective depressive symptoms in adolescents
No full textSupplementary materials to: Kock, M., Belmans, E., & Raes, F. (2023). Fear of happiness predicts concurrent but not prospective depressive symptoms in adolescents. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 5(2), Article e10495. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.10495Appendix A: Regression Analysis for Variables Predicting Depressive Symptoms (DASS-D) at T2 Without Controlling for Baseline Depressive Symptoms. Appendix B: Hierarchical Regression Analysis for Variables Predicting Depressive Symptoms Excluding the Anhedonia Item (DASS-D 2) at T2. Appendix C: Hierarchical Regression Analyses for Variables Predicting Depressive Symptoms (DASS-D) at T2 Using the Updated Factor Structure of ACS.unknownunknow
Einstein_AmJourPoliSci_2017_mxyQ - Raes - Reproduction (with author data & code) - 214z4
No full textEinstein_AmJourPoliSci_2017_mxyQ - Raes - Reproduction (with author data & code) - 214z4
No full text
The role of cities in achieving the EU targets on biofuels for transportation: the cases of Berlin, London, Milan and Helsinki
No full textRoad transportation is a strongly growing source of CO2, and use of biofuels represents one
option to reduce end-of-pipe emissions of the existing car fleet. In this contribution, the
implementation of the EU Biofuels Directive (2003/30/EC) and related voluntary measures
at the local level are examined in Germany, UK, Italy and Finland and the cities of Berlin,
London, Milan and Helsinki. Even though they are not directly involved in the implementation
of the biofuel directive, all four cities studied have played an important role in emissions
reduction by voluntarily participating in research and demonstration projects and by
using biofuels in their own fleet. An analysis of the numerous causes and driving forces
leading to different local level measures is provided. The environmental sensitivity, usually
examined at national level, and the national level implementation of the EU Biofuels Directive
(2003/30/EC) were not directly correlated with the city-level activities Instead, support
from local businesses and acquisition of EU funds were considered to be valid explanatory
factors for the city-level activities. In addition, through horizontal networking cities are
starting to exchange know-how gained in their projects, contributing in this way to the
accumulation of experience for future policies and technologies
Designing a rule-based annotation system to enhance semantic search on event-related articles
No full textConventional search techniques are limited at solving complex queries because they work on the basis of word computations and link analysis. Semantic search promises to extend the paradigm of traditional IR from mere document retrieval to entity and knowledge retrieval by looking at the meaning of words. This MSc-thesis proposes a semantic annotation system capable of discovering var- ious event-related entity types in articles on the web. The system will annotate these entity types with metadata linking them to instances stored in a semantic repository and link with their respective ontological class. Such annotation sys- tem can then further be used as a basis for developing a semantic search engine or other intelligent applications.Information ArchitectureSoftware TechnologyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
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